Characterization of a fungal strain capable of degrading chlorpyrifos and its use in detoxification of the insecticide on vegetables

Abstract

A fungal strain capable of utilizing chlorpyrifos as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated from soil by enrichment cultivation approach. The half-lives of degradation (DT(50)) for chlorpyrifos at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg l(-1) by the fungal strain DSP in mineral salt medium were measured to be 2.03, 2.93, and 3.49 days, respectively. Two cell-free extracts [E (1:10) and E (1:20)] from the fungal strain DSP in bran-glucose medium were prepared and used to enhance chlorpyrifos degradation on vegetables. Compared with the controls, the DT(50) of chlorpyrifos were reduced by 70.3%, 65.6%, 80.6%, 80.6%, and 86.1%, and by 53.8%, 43.2%, 66.0%, 54.3%, and 67.7% on E (1:20) and E (1:10) treated pakchoi, water spinach, Malabar spinach, haricot beans, and pepper, respectively. The 7-day residual values (R (7)) of chlorpyrifos on E (1:10) treated vegetables were all lower than the corresponding maximum residue levels of European Union (EU MRLs), except that the R (7) value on haricot beans was slightly higher than the corresponding EU MRLs. The results indicate that cell-free extracts could rapidly degrade chlorpyrifos residues on vegetables.

Mineralization of chlorpyrifos by co-culture of Serratia and Trichosporon spp.

“…Several chlorpyrifos-degrading fungi, such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus terreus, and Verticillium sp. DSP have also been reported (Bumpus et al 1993;Omar 1998;Yu et al 2006). Unfortunately, bacterial degradation was only partial and TCP accumulated in the medium without further metabolism.…”

Chlorpyrifos: pollution and remediation

“…Chlorpyrifos degradation by fungi, such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus terreus, and Verticillium sp. DSP, has also been studied (Bumpus et al 1993;Omar 1998;Yu et al 2006). Kulshrestha and Kumari (2011) have reported that pure fungal strain Acremonium sp.…”

“…Penicillium vermiculatum Hastings and Coster (1981) Phanerochaete chrysosporium Bumpus et al (1993) Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lal and Lal (1987) Trichoderma Trichoderma harzianum Hastings and Coster (1981) Trichoderma viride Mukherjee and Gopal (1996) Verticillium sp. Yu et al (2006), Fang et al (2008) Algae Chlorella vulgaris Mukherjee et al (2004) Phytoremediation (remove chlorpyrifos)…”

Effects of Repeated Applications of Chlorpyrifos on its Persistence and Soil Microbial Functional Diversity and Development of its Degradation Capability

“…Soil samples before and after each chlorpyrifos treatment were used to isolate the potential strain(s) capable of degrading chlorpyrifos with the methods described by Yu et al (2006a). The isolated strain was identified by the 16S rRNA gene sequences.…”

“…Chlorpyrifos residues from the soils were extracted and determined according to the methods of Yu et al (2006a). The recovery experiment of chlorpyrifos in the soil was conducted to confirm the validity of the extraction method.…”