Characterization of a hazardous eyeliner (kohl) by confocal Raman microscopy

Jallad, Karim N.; Hedderich, Hartmut G.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.04.028

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It has been used as a nanoparticle source in very ancient metallic lustre pottery, possibly the oldest known form of controlled nanotechnology [5]. It has also found an age old application in the adulteration of an eye-lining cosmetic called "kohl" (Sb 2 S 3 ) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature‐dependent Raman scattering of natural and isotopically substituted PbS

Etchegoin

Cardona

Lauck

et al. 2008

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Lead sulfide is an important semiconductor that has found technological applications for over a century. Raman spectroscopy, a standard tool for the investigation and characterization of semiconductors, has limited application to this material because of the forbidden nature of its first order scattering and its opacity to visible lasers. Nevertheless, useful vibrational spectra from two-phonon processes are obtained with red lasers, probably because of a resonance in the concomitant electronic transitions. Here we report temperature dependent spectra, covering the 10-300 K range, for two samples with different sulfur isotopic compositions. The results are analyzed by comparison with ab initio calculations of the lattice dynamics of PbS and the corresponding densities of one and two-phonon states. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the two phonon band centered at ∼ 430 cm −1 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few other characteristic weak structures are also observed. These spectra have been recently used for the characterization of lustre pottery and possibly adulterated "kohl" [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature‐dependent Raman scattering of natural and isotopically substituted PbS

Etchegoin

Cardona

Lauck

et al. 2008

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…Alternatives to the string include lining the infant's eyes with black liner or paining a black dot on the infant's (or mother's) forehead that symbolizes protection from "evil eyes" (Chalmers & Meyer, 1993). Eyeliner should be discouraged due to the the risk of lead poisoning from Kohl eyeliner manufactured in other countries (Jallad & Hedderich, 2005). String tied around the infant's abdomen should also be discouraged given the potential for strangulation.…”

Section: Aranjanammentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Practices & Traditions Among Asian Indian Women

Goyal¹

2016

McN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing

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As the population in the United States grows more diverse, nurses caring for childbearing women must be aware of the many cultural traditions and customs unique to their patients. This knowledge and insight supports women and their families with the appropriate care, information, and resources. A supportive relationship builds trust, offers guidance, and allows for the new family to integrate information from nurses and other healthcare providers with the practice of certain perinatal cultural traditions. The Asian Indian culture is rich in tradition, specifically during the perinatal period. To support the cultural beliefs and practices of Asian Indian women during this time, nurses need to be aware of and consider multiple factors. Many women are navigating the new role of motherhood while making sense of and incorporating important cultural rituals. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of perinatal cultural practices and traditions specific to the Asian Indian culture that perinatal nurses may observe in the clinical setting. Cultural traditions and practices specific to the pregnancy and postpartum period are described together with symbolism and implications for nursing practice. It is important to note that information regarding perinatal customs is provided in an effort to promote culturally sensitive nursing care and may not pertain to all Asian Indian women living in the United States.

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“…VMP is a useful technique that can be applied to a broad set of materials; it brings the opportunity to study solid materials, offering valuable information about the physical and chemical composition of the samples using a minimum amount of material (down to 10 −12 mol) [27,28]. The convenience of an easy method of characterization to detect these materials is clear [29], but even more suitable if we could apply the method directly in the solid sample and in a very small amount of material. The present paper aims also to describe the data obtained with an electroanalytical methodology to detect lead products in cosmetic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%