Characterization of a highly photorefractive RF-sputtered SiO2-GeO2 waveguide

Sebastiani, S.; Conti, G. Nunzi; Pelli, S.; Righini, Giancarlo C.; Chiasera, Alessandro; Ferrari, M.; Tosello, C.

doi:10.1364/opex.13.001696

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…An increase in the film thickness, T, of about 4 nm was effectively measured in the irradiated region. The correlation between the change, ∆T, in the film thickness and the refractive index change, ∆n, can be obtained by differentiating the Lorentz-Lorenz formula [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phorefractivity is another important property of tin dioxide (SnO 2 ) based glasses. In respect to the well-known germanium ions doping, tin ions represent a promising alternative because many devices, such as Bragg gratings, present a higher thermal stability in this matrix than in the germania-silica (GeO 2 -SiO 2 ) network [14,15]. The research regarding refractive index modification by laser irradiation is very active as evidenced by several papers approaching the topic with several different techniques [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures

et al. 2017

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Glass photonics are widespread, from everyday objects around us to high-tech specialized devices. Among different technologies, sol-gel synthesis allows for nanoscale materials engineering by exploiting its unique structures, such as transparent glass-ceramics, to tailor optical and electromagnetic properties and to boost photon-management yield. Here, we briefly discuss the state of the technology and show that the choice of the sol-gel as a synthesis method brings the advantage of process versatility regarding materials composition and ease of implementation. In this context, we present tin-dioxide-silica (SnO 2 -SiO 2 ) glass-ceramic waveguides activated by europium ions (Eu 3+ ). The focus is on the photorefractive properties of this system because its photoluminescence properties have already been discussed in the papers presented in the bibliography. The main findings include the high photosensitivity of sol-gel 25SnO 2 :75SiO 2 glass-ceramic waveguides; the ultraviolet (UV)-induced refractive index change (∆n~−1.6 × 10 −3 ), the easy fabrication process, and the low propagation losses (0.5 ± 0.2 dB/cm), that make this glass-ceramic an interesting photonic material for smart optical applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures

et al. 2017

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“…As far as we are concerned there are no reports in the literature related to germanate rib waveguides for propagation at 633 nm. Only results of germanate planar waveguides were reported for propagation at 633 nm [30][31][32] and are not used for comparison in this work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PbO–GeO2 rib waveguides for photonic applications

Cacho¹,

Silva²,

Kassab³

et al. 2011

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…Some recent papers have investigated the photorefractive properties of RF-sputtered SiO2-GeO2 thin films co-doped with Er 2 O 3 and Yb 2 O 3 [37,38,5]. Highly efficient Bragg gratings and channel waveguides were demonstrated by UV exposure, thanks to the fact that the amount of the photo-induced positive index change was sufficient for the fabrication of channel waveguides.…”

Section: Er 3+ /Yb 3+ -Activated Silica-germania Planar Waveguidementioning

confidence: 99%

Er³⁺-activated photonic structures fabricated by sol-gel and rf-sputtering techniques

et al. 2009

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The realization of photonic structures operating at visible and near infrared frequencies is a highly attractive scientific and technological challenge. Since optical fiber innovation, a huge of activity has been performed leading to interesting results, such as optical waveguides and planar lightwave circuits, microphotonic devices, optical microcavities, nanowires, plasmonic structures, and photonic crystals. These systems have opened new possibilities in the field of both basic and applied physics, in a large area covering Information Communication Technologies, Health and Biology, Structural Engineering, and Environment Monitoring Systems. Several materials and techniques are employed to successfully fabricate photonic structures. Concerning materials, Er 3+ -activated silica-based glasses still play an important role, although recently interesting results have been published about fluoride glass-ceramic waveguides. As far as regards the fabrication methods sol-gel route and rf sputtering have proved to be versatile and reliable techniques. In this article we will present a review of some Er 3+ -activated photonic structures fabricated by sol gel route and rf sputtering deposition. In the discussion on the sol-gel approach we focus our attention on the silica-hafnia binary system presenting an overview concerning fabrication protocols and structural, optical and spectroscopic assessment of SiO 2 -HfO 2 waveguides activated by Er 3+ ions. In order to put in evidence the reliability and versatility of the sol-gel route for photonics applications four different confined structures are briefly presented: amorphous waveguides, coated microspheres, monolithic waveguide laser, and core-shell nanospheres. As examples of rf sputtering technique, we will discuss Er 3+ -activated silica-hafnia and silica-germania waveguides, the latter system allowing fabrication of integrated optics structures by UV photo-imprinting. Finally, two examples of photonic crystal structures, one prepared by sol-gel process and the other one fabricated by rf sputtering deposition, will be illustrated.

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Characterization of a highly photorefractive RF-sputtered SiO2-GeO2 waveguide

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures

Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures

PbO–GeO2 rib waveguides for photonic applications

Er³⁺-activated photonic structures fabricated by sol-gel and rf-sputtering techniques

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Characterization of a highly photorefractive RF-sputtered SiO2-GeO2 waveguide

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures

Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures

PbO–GeO2 rib waveguides for photonic applications

Er3+-activated photonic structures fabricated by sol-gel and rf-sputtering techniques

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Er³⁺-activated photonic structures fabricated by sol-gel and rf-sputtering techniques