Characterization of a Historical Leather Cover of Manuscript 'Ensaan Elaauon fe sert Elameen Elmaamon', Al-Azhar Library, Eygpt

Helmi, Fatma M.; Wahba, Wafika; Brania, Atef; Abdel-Nasser, Mahmoud; elkobasy, Mohmed

doi:10.21608/arcs.2021.72198.1014

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Some spots and dust result from some microorganisms. The results also showed other deterioration phenomena, such as the various forms of cutting (Helmi et al , 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Enhancing the properties of petrified paper with cellulose nanocrystal

Mohamed

2022

PRT

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to find an applicable solution for the consolidation of petrified paper after disassembling it to complete other stages of treatment. Design/methodology/approach The samples were subjected to natural aging by being inoculated with Aspergillus niger until they reached the stage of adhesion and petrification. After that, the leaves were separated, and cellulose nanocrystals were applied, then the leaves were subjected to wet thermal aging for 21 days. Digital microscope, scanning electron microscope, mechanical properties measurement, measurement of color change, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and pH measurement were used to evaluate the effects of the cellulose nanocrystal on paper. Findings The results proved that cellulose nanocrystal (5%) successes consolidation of petrified paper Without affecting its natural, mechanical and chemical properties. Originality/value This study was based on the effectiveness of cellulose nanocrystal in strengthening the petrified papers and testing its effect on the physical, mechanical and chemical paper properties.

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“…Some spots and dust result from some microorganisms. The results also showed other deterioration phenomena, such as the various forms of cutting (Helmi et al , 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Enhancing the properties of petrified paper with cellulose nanocrystal

Mohamed

2022

PRT

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“…FT-IR analysis was performed to compare different treatments of leather samples after 21 days with the control [36]. FTIR-ART spectra on a Bruker Vertex 70 Platinum ATR scale with crystal diamonds in the range of 4000-400 cm −1 and a resolution of 4 were utilized by the Archeological Research and Preservation Centre-Supreme Council of Antiquities-Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Egypt, to analyze the leather samples.…”

Section: Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-transform Infrared (Fti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Eco-Friendly Approach Utilizing Green Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Leather Conservation against a Fungal Strain, Penicillium expansum AL1, Involved in the Biodeterioration of a Historical Manuscript

Fouda

Abdel-Nasser²,

Eid

et al. 2023

Biology

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The main hypothesis of the present research is investigating the efficacy of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) to prevent the growth of fungal strains when applied on leather under an experimental study. Therefore, fifteen fungal strains were isolated from a deteriorated historical manuscript (papers and leathers) and identified by traditional methods and ITS sequence analysis, including Aspergillus chevalieri (one isolate), A. nidulans (two strains), A. flavus (four strains), A. cristatus (one strain), A. niger (one strain), Paecilomyces fulvus (two strains), Penicillium expansum (two strains), and P. citrinum (two strains). The enzymes cellulase, amylase, pectinase, and gelatinase, which play a crucial role in biodegradation, were highly active in these fungal strains. TiO2-NPs were formed using the cell-free filtrate of the probiotic bacterial strain, Lactobacillus plantarum, and characterized. Data showed that the TiO2-NPs were successfully formed with a spherical shape and anatase phase with sizes of 2–8 nm. Moreover, the EDX analysis revealed that the Ti and O ions occupied the main component with weight percentages of 41.66 and 31.76%, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity of TiO2-NPs toward two normal cell lines, WI38 and HFB4, showed a low toxicity effect against normal cells (IC50 = 114.1 ± 8.1µg mL–1 for Wi38, and 237.5 ± 3.5µg mL–1 for HFB4). Therefore, concentrations of 100 μg mL–1 were used to load on prepared leather samples before inoculation with fungal strain P. expansum AL1. The experimental study revealed that the loaded TiO2-NPs have the efficacy to inhibit fungal growth with percentages of 73.2 ± 2.5%, 84.2 ± 1.8%, and 88.8 ± 0.6% after 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. Also, the analyses including SEM, FTIR-ART, color change, and mechanical properties for leather inoculated with fungal strain AL1 in the absence of NPs showed high damage aspects compared to those inoculated with fungal strains in the presence of TiO2-NPs.

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“…It was clear that the surface of the historical sample suffered from deterioration compared with the control. These deterioration symptoms can be attributed to the action of microbes, the environmental condition, or the handling of visitors or workers with the manuscript which lead to the destruction of the surface in some areas 25 . In the current study, the penetration, accumulation, and adhering of dust with the leather fibers were also noticed, which lead to the disappearance of the grain surface pattern in a large space of the surface.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscope (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurement of pH value was extremely important for evaluating the state of preservation of historical paper and leather binding. It indicates the chemical stability of the historical manuscript components towards natural aging as well as environmental deterioration factors 25 .…”

Section: Measurement Of Ph Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigate the role of fungal communities associated with a historical manuscript from the 17th century in biodegradation

Fouda

Abdel-Nasser²,

Khalil

et al. 2022

npj Mater Degrad

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Herein, the deteriorating aspects of a historical manuscript (papers and leather bookbinding) dated back to the 17th century were evaluated with reference to the role of the associated fungal communities. The deterioration signs were investigated using visual assessment, SEM, ATR-FTIR, XRD, color changes, and pH values compared with control. Data showed that the most deterioration aspects were represented by the dust, dirt, erosion, stains, bores, weakness, missed parts, decreasing in paper crystallinity, shifting of wavenumbers of cellulosic band, and changing of color and pH. The dependent-culturable technique showed that thirteen fungal strains were associated with historical manuscript and identified using traditional and molecular methods as Aspergillus niger (three isolates), A. fumigatus (two isolates), A. quadrilineatus (three isolates), Penicillium citrinum (two isolates), and P. chrysogenium (three isolates). These fungal strains showed high efficacy to secretion various hydrolytic enzymes including cellulase, amylase, gelatinase, and pectinase which play a critical role in biodeterioration.

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Characterization of a Historical Leather Cover of Manuscript 'Ensaan Elaauon fe sert Elameen Elmaamon', Al-Azhar Library, Eygpt

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Enhancing the properties of petrified paper with cellulose nanocrystal

Enhancing the properties of petrified paper with cellulose nanocrystal

An Eco-Friendly Approach Utilizing Green Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Leather Conservation against a Fungal Strain, Penicillium expansum AL1, Involved in the Biodeterioration of a Historical Manuscript

Investigate the role of fungal communities associated with a historical manuscript from the 17th century in biodegradation

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