Characterization of a low cost Lagenaria vulgaris based carbon for ranitidine removal from aqueous solutions

Abstract

Practical aspects of Lagenaria vulgaris shell conversion to activated carbon were examined along with its use in ranitidine adsorption. Kinetics and isotherms of adsorption onto Lagenaria vulgaris carbon (LVC) were correlated to several theoretical adsorption models. The best fit was found in the case of Langmuir and pseudo-second-order model indicating monolayer adsorption. The influence of pH under kinetic study showed slightly hindered adsorption below pH 4. The optimal adsorbent dosage was set to 1 g/L. LVC was characterized by several complementary techniques, including wet chemical techniques such as Boehm's titrations and determination of pH PZC and pH of LVC, which revealed neutral nature of the adsorbent. N 2 sorptometry determined specific surface area of 665 m 2 /g and significant ratio of micropores in the sample with maximum wall's diameter of 2.2 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the role of lignin and cellulose in the formation of the final LVC structure. Porous structure of the material was proved by using scanning electron microscopy. Preparation of LVC material drew attention as an easy and low-cost process for production of a highly efficient adsorbent which

Removal of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from water by using an ultrahighly efficient thermochemically activated carbon

“…The biomass was prepared from Lagenaria vulgaris shell [20]. Seeds and inner spongy white pith were removed, while the outer shell was crushed into 2 to 3 cm pieces and cleaned of the rest of the internal content.…”

The biosorption potential of modified bottle gourd shell for phosphate: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

“…Elemental analysis (CHNS/O) was performed to assess functional groups in the biosorbent during the modification process (Table 1). Based on that, the amount of nitrogen added (N add , mmol N g -1 ) the reaction efficiency (RE, %) and the degree of substitution (DS) of QALVS were determined by the following equations [18]:…”

“…A similar effect was reported for the phosphate removal from aqueous solution by chemically modified biomass of sugarcane bagasse [9], modified wheat residue [10], agro-waste rice husk ash [2], etc. The typical thermodynamic parameters (ΔG 0 , ΔH 0 and ΔS 0 ) were determined from the variations of the thermodynamic distribution coefficient (K d ) with change in temperature to clarify the process of phosphate biosorption [18]. The K d coefficient for the biosorption reaction was determined as quotient (C sorb /C e ), where C sorb is the equilibrium concentration of sorbed phosphate (mg P dm -3 ) and C e is the equilibrium phosphate concentration in the solution (Table 3).…”

“…This is due to the large amount of easily available hydroxyl groups existing in the cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, which can easily make a series of chemical reactions, such as condensation, etherification and copolymerization [13,14]. The use of LVS as an efficient and inexpensive alternative biosorbent in natural and activated forms (activated carbon) for the removal of some toxic metal ions from wastewater (Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ ) [7,15,16], and other cationic pollutants, such as dyes [17] or pharmaceuticals [18], was examined. According to the literature, LVS has not been studied as biosorbent for removal of anionic pollutants from aqueous solutions.…”

Nitrate sorption by modified Lagenaria vulgaris biomass: Kinetic and equilibrium studies

“…Ligno-celulozna biomasa kore tikve sudovnjače Lagenaria vulgaris (LV) predstavlja dragoceni agrootpad za ove svrhe. Nativna ili hemijski aktivirana kora LV je uglavnom ispitivana za direktnu sorpciju raznih katjonskih polutanata iz vodenih rastvora, kao što su toksični metali [16], boje [17], herbicidi i farmaceutske supstance [18]. Međutim, LV do sada nije istraživana kao sorbent anjonskih polutanata.…”