Characterization of a moderate-power microwave-induced plasma for direct solution nebulization of metal ions

Annular-Shaped Microwave-Induced Nitrogen Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure for Emission Spectrometry of Solutions

“…The cavity (excitor) and plasma torch (discharge tube) design make it difficult to increase the microwave energy coupled to the plasma and the annular-shaped plasma production. [11][12][13][14] Recently, a circularly polarized wave mode excitor, which facilitates the production of a high-power (>_1 kW) annularly shaped argon plasma was reported. 15 Preliminary results indicated that detection limits comparable to those reported for the ICP are possible.…”

Application of weakly ionized plasmas for materials sampling and analysis

“…Alternatively, higher power can be utilized. The possibility of using a nebulizer for direct sample introduction into moderate-power MIP's (500 W) has been studied by Hass and Caruso [51] and Michlewicz et al [52]. Using a modified Beenakker TMo lO cavity, Hass and Caruso could maintain a stable discharge using a nebulized solution introduction rate of 1 mllmin for water.…”

Microwave induced plasmas as sources for atomic spectrometry

“…Until recently, solution aerosol introduction was not a particularly viable means of introducing sample to the MIP. However, with the use of the more robust MIPs of up to 500 Watts of generator power [ 5 , 6 ], good analytical figures of merit have been obtained with aerosol introduction of samples.…”

“…Studies by Haas [ 5 ], and Brown et al [ 6 ] have shown that sufficient plasma density is produced when operating at 500 Watts generator power to allow solution introduction of samples into the Ar MIP for optical emission. Other workers have illustrated that with desolvation even a 180 Watt plasma can yield useful analytical data with mass spectrometric detection [ 8 ].…”