Application of weakly ionized plasmas for materials sampling and analysis

Blades, Michael W.; Banks, Peter; Gill, Chris G.; Huang, Degui; LeBlanc, Charles W.; Liang, D.

doi:10.1109/27.125033

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…In the Inductively Coupled Plasma technique (ICP), for example, the sample is reduced to a solution that is nebulized inside the source. 6 In the studies of the laser sparks, the source is a microplasma formed by focusing the optical pulses from a high energy laser, inside or on a surface of the sample. This sample does not need to be transported to the source, better yet it could be formed in over the sample in situ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Trace element analysis in water by LIBS technique</title>

D'Angelo¹,

Gomba²,

Iriarte³

et al. 1999

SPIE Proceedings

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The results obtained for contaminant detection in water, with the recently implemented LIBS technique, are presented. A Q-Switched Nd-YAG laser (1,06 .tm) was used, focusing its output on the sample. Two experimental set-ups are used; in the first spark was generated in the bulk of the liquid, while in the second it was generated at its surface. We found the latter useful because it gave more information on several ionic elements present in the aqueous solution. The linearity of the system and its limits of detection were checked with know concentrations of Mg, Ca and Na.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Trace element analysis in water by LIBS technique</title>

D'Angelo¹,

Gomba²,

Iriarte³

et al. 1999

SPIE Proceedings

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“…Capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) sources could be obtained in a variety of electrode geometries adapted to different spectrometric techniques [1,2]. They could be attractive as low and medium power spectral sources.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical performance of an r.f. capacitively coupled plasma for atomic emission with tip-ring electrode geometry

Frențiu

Rusu

Ponta

et al. 1996

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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“…The OES has been one of the most convenient techniques for real-time monitoring of trace elements 9 and can also quantify species concentration when the system is calibrated. Microwave induced plasma, due to its compact size, However, except for one early study to demonstrate the potential to develop a portable instrument using the plasma-CRDS technique, 42 in that study an external cavity diode laser operating at 679 nm was employed to measure Sr atomized in a low power ICP, no study has reported further progress in terms of instrumentation using the plasma-CRDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A portable optical emission spectroscopy-cavity ringdown spectroscopy dual-mode plasma spectrometer for measurements of environmentally important trace heavy metals: Initial test with elemental Hg

Sahay

Scherrer

Wang

2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A portable optical emission spectroscopy-cavity ringdown spectroscopy (OES-CRDS) dual-mode plasma spectrometer is described. A compact, low-power, atmospheric argon microwave plasma torch (MPT) is utilized as the emission source when the spectrometer is operating in the OES mode. The same MPT serves as the atomization source for ringdown measurements in the CRDS mode. Initial demonstration of the instrument is carried out by observing OES of multiple elements including mercury (Hg) in the OES mode and by measuring absolute concentrations of Hg in the metastable state 6s6p (3)P(0) in the CRDS mode, in which a palm-size diode laser operating at a single wavelength 405 nm is incorporated in the spectrometer as the light source. In the OES mode, the detection limit for Hg is determined to be 44 parts per 10(9) (ppb). A strong radiation trapping effect on emission measurements of Hg at 254 nm is observed when the Hg solution concentration is higher than 50 parts per 10(6) (ppm). The radiation trapping effect suggests that two different transition lines of Hg at 253.65 nm and 365.01 nm be selected for emission measurements in lower (<50 ppm) and higher concentration ranges (>50 ppm), respectively. In the CRDS mode, the detection limit of Hg in the metastable state 6s6p (3)P(0) is achieved to be 2.24 parts per 10(12) (ppt) when the plasma is operating at 150 W with sample gas flow rate of 480 mL min(-1); the detection limit corresponds to 50 ppm in Hg sample solution. Advantage of this novel spectrometer has two-fold, it has a large measurement dynamic range, from a few ppt to hundreds ppm and the CRDS mode can serve as calibration for the OES mode as well as high sensitivity measurements. Measurements of seven other elements, As, Cd, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, and Sr, using the OES mode are also carried out with detection limits of 1100, 33, 30, 144, 576, 94, and 2 ppb, respectively. Matrix effect in the presence of other elements on Hg measurements has been found to increase the detection limit to 131 ppb. These elements in lower concentrations can also be measured in the CRDS mode when a compact laser source is available to be integrated into the spectrometer in the future. This exploratory study demonstrates a new instrument platform using an OES-CRDS dual-mode technique for potential field applications.

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Application of weakly ionized plasmas for materials sampling and analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 101 publications

<title>Trace element analysis in water by LIBS technique</title>

<title>Trace element analysis in water by LIBS technique</title>

Analytical performance of an r.f. capacitively coupled plasma for atomic emission with tip-ring electrode geometry

A portable optical emission spectroscopy-cavity ringdown spectroscopy dual-mode plasma spectrometer for measurements of environmentally important trace heavy metals: Initial test with elemental Hg

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