Characterization of a Novel Alkali-Soluble Heteropolysaccharide from Tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino and Its Potential Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties

Abstract

A novel polysaccharide (GPP-S), with a molecular mass of 1.2 × 10(6) Da, was isolated from the tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino by alkali extraction followed by purifications using DEAE and Sephacryl S-400 column chromatographies. The monosaccharide composition of GPP-S was determined as rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 1.00:3.72:19.49:7.82. The structural analysis suggested that the backbone of GPP-S is (1→4)-linked-glucose and (1→6)-linked-galactose with a (1→4,6)-linked-glucose branch every six monosaccharide residues. The terminals were 1-)-α-arabinose, glucuronic acid, and other monosaccharides. GPP-S exhibited scavenging capacities against hydroxyl, peroxyl, and DPPH(•) radicals in vitro. GPP-S also had inhibitory activities on IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 gene expressions in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. These results suggested that GPP-S could be developed as a bioactive ingredient for functional foods and dietary supplements.

Amelioration of hepatic steatosis is associated with modulation of gut microbiota and suppression of hepatic miR-34a in Gynostemma pentaphylla (Thunb.) Makino treated mice

“…[ 19 ]. Pharmacological studies revealed that GP possessed various bioactivities including antioxidation [ 20 ], anti-inflammatory [ 21 ], hypoglycemia [ 22 , 23 ], lipid-lowering [ 24 ], as well as hepatoprotective effects [ 25 ]. Meanwhile, no toxicity were reported at conventional dosage of GP [ 26 ].…”

Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from purple sweet potato on lipopolysaccharide treated RAW 264.7 macrophages

“…Recently, our study showed that PSPPs could enhance the productions of anti‐inflammatory short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by proliferating the growths of SCFA‐producing bacteria and inhibit the relative abundance of inflammation‐related bacteria in normal mice (Tang et al, ). Furthermore, a novel alkali‐soluble heteropolysaccharide from Tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino exhibited potential anti‐inflammatory properties in LPS stimulated macrophages (Niu et al, ). Although many kinds of plant polysaccharides, including water‐ and alkali‐soluble polysaccharides, have been proved to possess anti‐inflammatory effects on LPS treated macrophages, no study has been conducted to examine the anti‐inflammatory effects of PSPPs on activated macrophages.…”

Structural and anti-inflammatory characterization of a novel neutral polysaccharide from North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)

“…important indicators. Polysaccharides extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino, Ganoderma lucidum, and Agaricus blazei Murill were all observed to have anti-inflammatory property partially due to their inhibitory activity on IL-1␤ gene expression or protein secretion [22][23][24]. The inhibitory effect of PPQN on IL-1␤ secretion was also evaluated in our study (Fig.…”