Characterization of acid tars

Organic liquid mobility induced by smoldering remediation

“…Lagoons containing hazardous, organic liquids are ubiquitous and present a significant environmental challenge [1,2]. Oil sludge associated with the petroleum industry, for example, is generated at a rate of 60 million tons per year and more than 1 billion tons have accumulated worldwide [2].…”

“…Coal tar, a byproduct of coal carbonization, is another example; in 2006 China alone produced 9 x 10 9 kg of coal tar, representing 3.8% of the coal feed stock [3]. These are both examples of organic liquid wastes from industrial activities that are stockpiled in large quantities in lagoons and for which there are no solutions that are cost effective and technically efficient [1].…”

Analysis of coal tar pitch and smoke extract components and their cytotoxicity on human bronchial epithelial cells

“…The exact composition is still unclear and the reported composition is different from process to process. Most of the researchers analyzed the individual chemicals in each isolated component separated by different solvents [2]. Coal tar pitch could not be completely dissolved in any single known solvent so far, due to its complicated The BEAS-2B cells were adjusted to 5 × 10 3 /well and cultured at 37 • C, 5% CO2, 95% air incubator for 24 h. On the next day, the wells were added coal tar pitch with dosages at 0, 0.059, 0.118, 0.235, 0.47, 0.94, 1.88, 3.75, 7.50, 15.00, 30.00 mg/L respectively.…”

“…The main chemical composition of coal tar pitch is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene [2]. The composition of coal tar pitch differs from process to process, mainly due to different raw materials and treatment used during production.…”

Identification and classification of aromatic hydrocarbons from fast pyrolysis of coal for the purpose of environment-pollution evaluation

“…Entrained flow gasification and fixed bed pressured gasification processes generally produced large amounts of waste water containing coal tar. The main chemical composition of coal tar is aromatic hydrocarbons such as, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [3]. The composition of coal tar pitch differs from process to process, mainly due to different coal types and treatment used during production.…”