2000
DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20001005)70:1<41::aid-bit6>3.0.co;2-u
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Characterization of an encapsulation device for the production of monodisperse alginate beads for cell immobilization

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Cited by 175 publications
(66 citation statements)
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“…The initial cell densities in these microcapsules are in the optimal range of 1.5 – 2.0×10 6 cells/cm 3 . This range of maximum initial cell density is comparable to that achieved with the conventional droplet generation method [13]. …”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 55%
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“…The initial cell densities in these microcapsules are in the optimal range of 1.5 – 2.0×10 6 cells/cm 3 . This range of maximum initial cell density is comparable to that achieved with the conventional droplet generation method [13]. …”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 55%
“…Electrostatic droplet generation is the most widely used method in the production of microcapsules containing islets or other insulin-secreting cells [12]. Typically, a laminar liquid jet is broken into droplets by a harmonically vibrating nozzle combined with an electrostatic dispersion mechanism which prevents droplet aggregation [13]. Currently, droplet generator encapsulation systems are commercially available from several manufacturers such as Inotech Biosystem (Rockville, MD) and Nisco Engineering AG (Zürich, Switzerland).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Despite the ease of use, alginate‐PLL capsule membranes have additional drawbacks that drive research toward more clinically and economically feasible materials . For instance, alginate‐PLL capsules have poor long‐term durability in chelating agents typically present in physiologic solutions, PLL is expensive and cytotoxic, and capsules under strain are more likely to rupture than to deform …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bechhold (1907) introduced the term ultrafiltration and developed the first nitrocellulose membranes  1925: Sartorius Werke GmbH: the 1 st membrane company established to supply microporous membranes, which is viewed as the beginning of MF (Judd, 2006)  1939: Müller used MF for cultivate microbes in drinking water , the first large-scale MF application (Judd, 2006)  1947: Alwall (1947 invented the UF process for dialysis of the blood in vivo  1969: Dorr-Oliver developed the 1 st membrane bioreactors (MBRs) (Judd, 2006), and Smith et al (1969) used UF for activated sludge separation  1960s and 1970s: Forbes in 1970: first industrial applications of UF in electrophoretic painting. MF became important in biological and pharmaceutical manufacturing (Wickramasinghe, 2008)  1989: MBRs with submerged membranes in bioreactors developed (Yamamoto, 1989)  1990s: Commercialization of immersed MBRs (Judd, 2006); membrane contactors and reactors were developed (Sirkar and Prasad, 1992)  2000s: Commercialization of vertical immersed hollow-fiber MBRs (Judd, 2006)  2010: Various applications as pretreatment to NF/RO and for drinking water supply RO/NF  1949: UCLA used RO membrane for seawater desalination (Mehdizadeh, 1990).  1953: Reid presented RO systems (Uemura and Henmi, 2008)  1964: RO technologies weres on the market (Uemura and Henmi, 2008).…”
Section: Introduction and Overviewmentioning
confidence: 99%