Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications 2012
DOI: 10.1061/9780784412275.ch01
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The Values of Membrane Science and Technology: Introduction and Overview

Abstract: Nowadays, human beings are facing global challenges such as population explosion, increasing demand for food and water, resource depletion, and changing climate conditions and have been forced to move forward to development of sustainable society. Among many potential technologies, membrane technology is one of the most direct, effective and feasible approaches to solving these sophisticated problems.As a semipermeable barrier between two phases, a membrane can separate one component that moves through the mem… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(6 citation statements)
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References 151 publications
(167 reference statements)
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“…Figure 2-3. Generic transport through a membrane (Strathmann, 2011b) Transport mechanisms and models which describe membrane filtration were developed during the 1950's and 1960's (Zhang et al, 2012). Baker (2012) (Baker, 1996) Pore-flow model refers to the transport of permeants by pressure-driven convective flow through the membrane pores.…”
Section: Transport Mechanismsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 2-3. Generic transport through a membrane (Strathmann, 2011b) Transport mechanisms and models which describe membrane filtration were developed during the 1950's and 1960's (Zhang et al, 2012). Baker (2012) (Baker, 1996) Pore-flow model refers to the transport of permeants by pressure-driven convective flow through the membrane pores.…”
Section: Transport Mechanismsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The membrane module is the most technologically advanced component in RO separation systems, and RO membranes are crucial for determining the production efficiency of membrane modules. 3,4 Currently, aromatic polyamide composite (PA TFC) RO membranes with a three-layer structure remain the mainstream membrane material in practical application. 5 However, in the actual operation process, the surface of PA thin film composites (TFC) membranes is unavoidably absorbed and aggregated by pollutants, leading to a shortened lifespan and increased operational costs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The processes involving membranes are classified according to the driving force used, such as pressure difference (e.g., reverse osmosis, nano and ultrafiltration), concentration difference (e.g., dialysis and gas separation), electrical potential difference (electrodialysis), and partial pressure difference (membrane distillation) [1]. Membrane technology shows several advantages: Simplicity in operation, high selectivity for specific chemical species, easy to modularize and scale-up, reduction of chemical pre-treatments in the feed solutions and low waste generation, and low energy consumption [2]. For these reasons, the use of membrane modules and membrane contactors has been broadly used in many industrial sectors, especially in the petrochemical industry for hydrogen recovery [3,4], for treatment of textile industry waste-water [5,6], in the production of many medicines and products in pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry [7,8], in food production sectors [9,10], in seawater and brackish water desalination [11,12], and many others [13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%