Characterization of an Extensive Zooplankton Culture System Coupled With Intensive Larval Rearing of Red Snapper Lutjanus Campechanus

Ogle, John T.; Lemus, Jason T.; Nicholson, Larry C.; Barnes, Donald N.; Lotz, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1002/9780470277522.ch17

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The high survival of larvae fed copepods likely reduced the availability of copepods per larvae. Some fish species, such as red snapper Lutjanus campechanus (Ogle et al 2005), grouper E. coioides (Toledo et al 1999), and West Australian dhufish Glaucosoma hebraicum ) require copepod nauplii for optimal development during the larval phase. Pompano larviculture protocols do not appear to necessitate the use of copepods, although benefits of feeding copepod nauplii to larval pompano have been identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Larval Florida Pompano Fed Nauplii of the Calanoid Copepod Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus

et al. 2011

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The Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus is a highly prized marine fish species, the larviculture of which currently includes the feeding of live rotifers and nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia spp. However, no previous studies have evaluated the feeding of copepod nauplii. In this study, the growth and survival of Florida pompano larvae fed nauplii of the calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus were compared with those of larvae fed the standard reference diet of enriched rotifers Brachionus plicatilis. Experiments were conducted during the first 7–9 d posthatch (DPH), a period preceding the provision of Artemia nauplii. Treatments included feeding only copepod nauplii during the first day, the first three days, and on all days, as well as copepod nauplii mixed with rotifers during the entire experiment. In addition, the dietary effects on larval fatty acid composition were examined. Feeding copepod nauplii at a density of 2.0–3.5 nauplii/mL during the first day or the first three days of feeding had advantages over feeding only rotifers. However, after approximately 3 DPH, increased quantities of nauplii were needed to provide sufficient nutrients for growth. This was demonstrated in larvae fed copepod nauplii for the entire trial, for which survival was significantly higher than for the other treatments but for which growth was significantly reduced. Larvae fed a mixture of rotifers and nauplii for the entire trial had survival similar to that of larvae fed only rotifers (∼40%); however, growth was greater in larvae fed the mixed diet, suggesting that there is a nutritional advantage to including copepods in the diet. Fatty acid analyses revealed that increased levels of docosahexaenoic acid were associated with larvae fed copepods, which probably contributed to the observed higher survival and growth. These results indicate that there are multiple benefits to feeding copepods to Florida pompano larvae.Received June 6, 2010; accepted August 10, 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Larval Florida Pompano Fed Nauplii of the Calanoid Copepod Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus

et al. 2011

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“…When nitrogen and oxygen are non‐limiting, larger diatoms are normally favoured, leading to higher copepod productions (Støttrup 2003). Significant quantities of marine fish juveniles produced based on extensive copepod production have been described for grouper in Philipines (Toledo et al 1999; Toledo et al 2005) and Taiwan (Liao, Su & Chang 2001; Su, Cheng, Chen & Su 2005), red snapper in the United States (Ogle et al 2005), flounder in France, cod in Norway and turbot in Norway and Denmark (Støttrup 2003). However, copepods produced extensively in ponds may cause mass mortalities in grouper, through transmission of viruses (VNN) and parasites ( Amyloodinium sp.…”

Section: Copepods and Other Natural Zooplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In situations where copepods are available in limited amounts, their use as a fraction of the daily ration for marine ¢sh larvae, in particular during the ¢rst days of feeding, has also proven to improve larval growth and survival (Conceic°a ì o, van der Meeren,Verreth, Evjen, Houlihan & Fyhn 1997;Toledo, Golez, Doi & Ohno 1999). This seems particularly interesting for species requiring very small prey at ¢rst feeding, such as grouper (Toledo et al 1999;Toledo, Golez & Ohno 2005) and red snapper (Ogle, Lemus, Nicholson, Barnes & Lotz 2005). Copepod nauplii blooms may be induced in the rearing tanks or in separate tanks/ ponds.…”

Section: Main Utilizations Of Copepodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live feeds for early stages of fish rearing

Conceição

Yúfera

Makridis

et al. 2010

Aquaculture Research

370

282

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Despite the recent progress in the production of inert diets for fish larvae, feeding of most species of interest for aquaculture still relies on live feeds during the early life stages. Independently of their nutritional value, live feeds are easily detected and captured, due to their swimming movements in the water column, and highly digestible, given their lower nutrient concentration (water content>80%). The present paper reviews the main types of live feeds used in aquaculture, their advantages and pitfalls, with a special emphasis on their nutritional value and the extent to which this can be manipulated. The most commonly used live feeds in aquaculture are rotifers (Brachionus sp.) and brine shrimp (Artemia sp.), due to the existence of standardized cost‐effective protocols for their mass production. However, both rotifers and Artemia have nutritional deficiencies for marine species, particularly in essential n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA, e.g., docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid). Enrichment of these live feeds with HUFA‐rich lipid emulsions may lead to an excess dietary lipid and sub‐optimal dietary protein content for fish larvae. In addition, rotifers and Artemia are likely to have sub‐optimal dietary levels of some amino acids, vitamins and minerals, at least for some species. Several species of microalgae are also used in larviculture. These are used as feed for other live feeds, but mostly in the ‘green water’ technique in fish larval rearing, with putative beneficial effects on feeding behaviour, digestive function, nutritional value, water quality and microflora. Copepods and other natural zooplankton organisms have also been used as live feeds, normally with considerably better results in terms of larval survival rates, growth and quality, when compared with rotifers and Artemia. Nonetheless, technical difficulties in mass‐producing these organisms are still a constraint to their routine use. Improvements in inert microdiets will likely lead to a progressive substitution of live feeds. However, complete substitution is probably years away for most species, at least for the first days of feeding.

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“…Examples of extensive copepod cultures are listed in Table 1. Significant quantities of marine fish juveniles produced based on extensive copepod production have been described for grouper in Philipines (Toledo et al 1999(Toledo et al , 2005 and Taiwan (Liao et al 2001;Su et al 2005), red snapper in the United States (Ogle et al 2005), flounder in France, cod in Norway and turbot in Norway and Denmark (Støttrup 2003). Extensive production in extensive systems is normally based on microalgae blooms induced by an agricultural fertilizer (Conceição et al 2009).…”

Section: Copepod Culture Systemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A review of the use of copepods in marine fish larviculture

Ajiboye

Yakubu

Adams

et al. 2010

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

108

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In spite of the growing interest and success obtained using cultured-copepods, their use in marine aquaculture remains sporadic. Besides, mass culture of several marine copepods has been well established by several authors. However, the upscale of copepod cultures to commercial levels is still a challenge. The practice of using wild copepods from natural ponds which thus increases the risk of parasitic infections of most species has limited their application in aquaculture. The present paper thus emphasizes on recent research efforts focused on the use of chemical treatments and freeze-thawing methods to eradicate procercoids from copepods. Research efforts focused on copepod culture systems which subsequently improved and refined their culture in marine fish larviculture are also well discussed. Advances in the use of copepod eggs as potential source of nauplii for marine fish larvae with special emphasis on the viability, storage conditions and biochemical compositions of the copepod eggs are underscored. Additionally, recent advances in the biochemical compositions (protein, amino acids, pigments, and vitamins) of copepods, which has received relatively little attention compared to researches on the lipid and fatty acid compositions are well emphasized. Specific recommended areas for further research are also proffered.

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Characterization of an Extensive Zooplankton Culture System Coupled With Intensive Larval Rearing of Red Snapper Lutjanus Campechanus

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Performance of Larval Florida Pompano Fed Nauplii of the Calanoid Copepod Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus

Performance of Larval Florida Pompano Fed Nauplii of the Calanoid Copepod Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus

Live feeds for early stages of fish rearing

A review of the use of copepods in marine fish larviculture

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