Characterization of an H7N9 Influenza Virus Isolated from Camels in Inner Mongolia, China

Yin, Yuncong; Liu, Yuan; Fen, Juan; Liu, Kaituo; Qin, Tao; Chen, Sujuan; Peng, Daxin; Liu, Xiufan

doi:10.1128/spectrum.01798-22

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In 2020, a novel low-pathogenic H7N9 virus originating from poultry was transmitted across species, infecting non-human mammalians, such as camels [40]. The novel H7N9 viruses, originating in China, have undergone significant changes, with the main circulating lineages shifting the lineages C and D to lineages A and B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Prevalence and Hemagglutinin Evolution of H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses from 2013 to 2022

Liu,

Zeng,

et al. 2023

Viruses

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H7N9 avian influenza viruses have caused severe harm to the global aquaculture industry and human health. For further understanding of the characteristics of prevalence and hemagglutinin evolution of H7N9 avian influenza viruses, we generated the global epidemic map of H7N9 viruses from 2013 to 2022, constructed a phylogenetic tree, predicted the glycosylation sites and compared the selection pressure of the hemagglutinin. The results showed that although H7N9 avian influenza appeared sporadically in other regions worldwide, China had concentrated outbreaks from 2013 to 2017. The hemagglutinin genes were classified into six distinct lineages: A, B, C, D, E and F. After 2019, H7N9 viruses from the lineages B, E and F persisted, with the lineage B being the dominant. The hemagglutinin of highly pathogenic viruses in the B lineage has an additional predicted glycosylation site, which may account for their persistent pandemic, and is under more positive selection pressure. The most recent ancestor of the H7N9 avian influenza viruses originated in September 1991. The continuous evolution of hemagglutinin has led to an increase in virus pathogenicity in both poultry and humans, and sustained human-to-human transmission. This study provides a theoretical basis for better prediction and control of H7N9 avian influenza.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Prevalence and Hemagglutinin Evolution of H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses from 2013 to 2022

Liu,

Zeng,

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…25 In addition, mammals that prey on wild bird become infected with avian influenza viruses, 26 providing yet another way for avian influenza viruses to adapt to replicate and transmit more efficiently among mammals. [27][28][29] While all the determinants for adaption of avian influenza viruses to mammals are not yet defined, several mutations are required for adaptation of avian influenza viruses to mammals. Most notably E627K in PB2 polymerase, which accommodates the working temperature from 41 0 C in birds to 33-37 0 C in mammals has been shown to be a nearly universal adaption for infection of mammalian hosts 30 (except for swine influenza viruses, including A(H 1 N 1 )pdm09).…”

Section: Which Influenza Virus Will Cause the Next Pandemic?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with 9% of egg‐laying hens being culled in Japan during the 2022–2023 season 24 ), but it is also a source of viruses with pandemic potential, as demonstrated by the constant number of human infections with avian influenza viruses that have been documented since 1997 25 . In addition, mammals that prey on wild bird become infected with avian influenza viruses, 26 providing yet another way for avian influenza viruses to adapt to replicate and transmit more efficiently among mammals 27–29 …”

Section: Which Influenza Virus Will Cause the Next Pandemic?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive immunotherapies for the next influenza pandemic

Focosi,

Franchini,

Senefeld

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…Camels have been infected with equine H3N8 in Mongolia in 2012 [185], human H1N1 in Mongolia in 1978-1983 [330,331], pdmH1N1 in Nigeria in 2015-2017 [332], and avian H7N9 in China in 2020 [333]. Human/swine-like H1N1 was detected in camels imported from Djibouti and Sudan into Saudi Arabia in 2017-2018 [334].…”

Section: Camelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Animal Influenza Virus and Potential Mixing Vessel Hosts

Abdelwhab

Mettenleiter

2023

Viruses

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Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae with a negative-sense, single-stranded segmented RNA genome. They infect a wide range of animals, including humans. From 1918 to 2009, there were four influenza pandemics, which caused millions of casualties. Frequent spillover of animal influenza viruses to humans with or without intermediate hosts poses a serious zoonotic and pandemic threat. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic overshadowed the high risk raised by animal influenza viruses, but highlighted the role of wildlife as a reservoir for pandemic viruses. In this review, we summarize the occurrence of animal influenza virus in humans and describe potential mixing vessel or intermediate hosts for zoonotic influenza viruses. While several animal influenza viruses possess a high zoonotic risk (e.g., avian and swine influenza viruses), others are of low to negligible zoonotic potential (e.g., equine, canine, bat and bovine influenza viruses). Transmission can occur directly from animals, particularly poultry and swine, to humans or through reassortant viruses in “mixing vessel” hosts. To date, there are less than 3000 confirmed human infections with avian-origin viruses and less than 7000 subclinical infections documented. Likewise, only a few hundreds of confirmed human cases caused by swine influenza viruses have been reported. Pigs are the historic mixing vessel host for the generation of zoonotic influenza viruses due to the expression of both avian-type and human-type receptors. Nevertheless, there are a number of hosts which carry both types of receptors and can act as a potential mixing vessel host. High vigilance is warranted to prevent the next pandemic caused by animal influenza viruses.

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Characterization of an H7N9 Influenza Virus Isolated from Camels in Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract: H5 subtype avian influenza viruses can cause serious diseases in poultry and wild birds. On rare occasions, viruses can cause cross-species transmission to mammalian species, including humans, pigs, horses, canines, seals, and minks.

Cited by 4 publications

References 74 publications

Global Prevalence and Hemagglutinin Evolution of H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses from 2013 to 2022

Global Prevalence and Hemagglutinin Evolution of H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses from 2013 to 2022

Passive immunotherapies for the next influenza pandemic

Zoonotic Animal Influenza Virus and Potential Mixing Vessel Hosts

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