Characterization of an Ice Adhesion Reduction Coating for the Space Shuttle Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen Umbilical Systems

Cano, Roberto J.; Weiser, Erik S.; Smith, Trent M.; Trigwell, Steve; Curtis, Leslie; Drewry, Douglas

doi:10.1163/016942411x574808

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The reduction in the strength of ice adhesion reported in this work is higher than those values reported elsewhere for so uorinated polymer coatings. 4,9,12,[52][53][54][55][56][57] Lubricant-impregnated textured surfaces have resulted in an order of magnitude reduction in ice/frost adhesion. For example, Kim et al have shown in a recent study that the ice adhesion strength on aluminum surfaces can reduce from 1360 AE 210 kPa to 15.6 AE 3.6 kPa by liquid-infused porous where an ultrasmooth low hysteresis lubricant overlayer was maintained by infusing a water-immiscible liquid into a nanostructured surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

Linker-free grafting of fluorinated polymeric cross-linked network bilayers for durable reduction of ice adhesion

2015

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Thin films of bilayer poly(divinyl benzene) p(DVB)/poly(perfluorodecylacrylate) (p-PFDA) are synthesized via iCVD on steel and silicon substrates. Nanomechanical measurements reveal that the elastic modulus and hardness of the films are enhanced through the bilayer structure and that the adhesion of the films to the substrate is improved via in situ grafting mechanism. The strength of ice adhesion to the treated surfaces is reduced more than six-fold when the substrates are coated with these bilayer polymer networks. 9 Icing can decrease efficiency in power production, result in mechanical and/or electrical failure, impact monitoring and control, and generate safety hazards.2,3,5,7 Active deicing methods that are employed to melt and break previously formed ice layers necessitate increased design complexity, may have detrimental environmental consequences, and require substantial power input for operation.10,11 Passive methods have recently been employed to protect exposed surfaces using icephobic coatings with characteristics designed to retard the formation of ice and facilitate the removal of ice deposits.3,9,12-22 Such coatings have been developed using solgel systems containing uorinated compounds and low surface energy rubbers, 20 lubricant-impregnated textured surfaces, 4 via hydrothermal reaction method, 23 low-pressure plasma polymerization, 24 and phase-separation methods. 7 However, a need remains for deposition methods that produce durable and mechanically-robust coatings over the large areas with enhanced adhesion to textured/rough surfaces that are commonly encountered in real world applications.In the present work, we have designed and synthesized for the rst time a mechanically-robust bilayer consisting of a thick and dense polymer base layer that is highly cross-linked and then capped with a covalently-attached thin icephobic uorine-rich top layer. We believe that the presence of a highly cross-linked polymer layer underneath a very thin u-oropolymer cap acts as a steric barrier resisting local surface reorganization, forcing the uorinated groups to remain on the surface even under wet conditions (Fig. S1, ESI †). In addition, the mechanical properties (for example the elastic modulus and hardness) of these customized bilayer polymer networks can be signicantly enhanced. Conceptual insightsIce formation and accumulation on surfaces can result in severe problems for solar photovoltaics, offshore oil platforms, wind turbines, and aircra. Practical adoption of icephobic surfaces requires mechanical robustness and stability under the harsh real-world environments. Here we design an icephobic surface using a bilayer strategy, optimizing the base layer for mechanical properties, while the top layer provides the desired high receding water contact angle (WCA). Both layers are formed sequentially by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) in the same reaction chamber. The iCVD polymerization of divinyl benzene (DVB) yields a cross-linked hydrocarbon base layer which is capped with an ultrathi...

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confidence: 99%

Linker-free grafting of fluorinated polymeric cross-linked network bilayers for durable reduction of ice adhesion

2015

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“…It is also worth noting that the ice detaching stress increases logarithmically with the loading rate [49,50]. (2) The wall surface in the current work is ideally smooth that cannot be achieved in the experiment.…”

Section: Mechanism Of the Reduction Of Ice Adhesion Stress Caused By ...mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The excessive accumulation of ice on exposed solid surfaces catastrophically affects the industrial processes, vehicles and applications in daily life such as power transmission lines, ships, aircraft parts (i.e., engines, tail and wings), helicopter blades, antennas, cars and buildings [1,2]. Thus, over the last several decades, significant efforts were devoted to anti-icing and de-icing issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%