Characterization of bacterial microbiota compositions along the intestinal tract in pigs and their interactions and functions

Abstract

In addition to its value in meat production, the pig is an interesting animal model for human digestive tract studies due to its physiological similarities. The aim of this study was to describe the microbiome composition, distribution and interaction along the Iberian pig intestinal tract and its role in whole-body energy homeostasis. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced from the microbiomes of five gut sections (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and proximal and distal colon) in thirteen castrated male pigs. A total of 1,669 operational taxonomic units distributed in 179 genera were found among all samples. The two most abundant genera in the small intestine were Lactobacillus and Clostridium, while Prevotella was predominant in the colon. The colon samples were more similar among the pigs and richer in species than the small intestine samples were. In the small intestine, the metagenome prediction pointed to rapid internalization and conversion of the available simple carbohydrates for microbial proliferation and maintenance. In the colon, a competition among anaerobic bacteria for plant polysaccharide degradation to produce short chain fatty acids was found. This study confirms that the energy pathways of the gut microbiome differ along its sections and provides a description of the correlations between genera.

Effects of Three Distinct 2-Week Long Diet Strategies After Transport on Weaned Pigs' Short and Long-Term Welfare Markers, Behaviors, and Microbiota

“…Moreover, in the present study we also confirmed that mucosa samples have higher richness than lumen samples regardless of the location in the gut tract (82,85,88). The three most abundant phyla determined in this study: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria also matched what is always reported for pigs at that age (73,79,82,86,87,89). In terms of behavioral traits, GLN and A groups behaved similarly and were different from NA pigs, while in terms of microbiota composition the two groups were contrasted.…”

“…tract (79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84)(85). In term of microbial composition, ileum samples were drastically different from caecum and colonic samples which were highly similar (81,83,84,86,87).…”

Dietary Inulin and Trichuris suis Infection Promote Beneficial Bacteria Throughout the Porcine Gut

“…In contrast, the colon is mainly associated with carbohydrate fermentation, and increases the nutrient availability to the host through fermentation of otherwise indigestible polysaccharides, such as dietary fiber (Richards et al, 2005;Quan et al, 2018). The fermentation results in the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolites essential for maintaining the gut epithelium (Crespo-Piazuelo et al, 2018). The production of SCFA can be up-or down-regulated by altering the diet, e.g.…”

High Mobility Group Box 1 and TLR4 Signaling Pathway in Gnotobiotic Piglets Colonized/Infected with L. amylovorus, L. mucosae, E. coli Nissle 1917 and S. Typhimurium

“…Lactobacillus spp. are Gram-positive facultative anaerobes that create an abundant bacterial group in human and pig microbiota in the distal small intestine and colon [39,40] . A strain-specific beneficial effect of lactobacilli is determined by high variability in composition of cell wall polysaccharides, peptidoglycan, and teichoic acids, membrane lipoproteins and lipoteichoic acids that can differentially induce the host immune response [41].…”