Characterization of bacterial nanocellulose produced by isolates from Philippine nata starter and its biocompatibility

Abstract

Two nanocellulose-producing bacteria were isolated from separate local nata starter cultures and were characterized to determine their putative identity. The nanocellulose produced by the two bacterial isolates were compared to determine if differences between material properties and in vitro biocompatibility were species-dependent. Nanocellulose membranes were produced by inoculating the bacterial isolates to Hestrin–Schramm media using different carbon sources (glucose, mannitol and sucrose). The material properties of nanocellulose membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray dispersive spectroscopy, Calcofluor staining and water retention. The biocompatibility of the nanocellulose membranes was evaluated using MC3T3 pre-osteoblast cells and was analyzed using CCK-8 cell viability assay. Adhering cells were stained and viewed under confocal laser scanning microscope. A selected sample was implanted subcutaneously in Sprague Dawley rats for one week and four weeks to determine its in vivo biocompatibility. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the subcutaneous tissue sections with implant was examined to visualize host cell behavior to the implant.

Production of New Nano-Bacterial Cellulose with Lactobacillus rhamnosus by Using Whey Waste as Substrate with Optimization Taguchi Method, which has the potential to be used in many biomedical products

“…BNC is native cellulose which has high crystallinity, water capacity and strength also biocompatible with plant cellulose [4]. Also it produces much thinner 3D dimensional nanoporous networks with approximately 30-50 nm than plant cellulose [5].…”

“…Bacterial cellulose (BNC) known as a nanomaterial and could be produced by some bacteria such as Gluconacetobacter, Acetobacter spp., Rhizobium spp., Agrobacterium spp., Alcaligenes spp., Achromobacter and Sarcina [1,2,3,4]. The BNC biosynthesis is a regulated process including enzymes, catalytic complexes reactions and can be investigated wih two steps such as intracellular producted of 1,4-b-glucan chains and crystallization of cellulose chains [3].…”