Characterization of Bio-Oil From Palm Kernel Shell Pyrolysis

Hamidin, Nasrul; Ali, Umi Fazara Md; Abidin, Che Zulzikrami Azner; Ahmad, Rosmaini

doi:10.15282/jmes.7.2014.12.0110

Cited by 52 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The high moisture content also can interrupt the thermal conversion process for energy production [9]. The low energy density of PKS, normally 18 MJ/kg, with high moisture content typically around 10 wt.% as a result of its hygroscopic character, is a weakness of biomass [10][11][12]. As shown by the previous researcher [13][14][15], highly oxygenated biomass with high O/C ratio will lower the gasification efficiency in contrast with low O/C feedstock such as coal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Properties of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell via Microwave Irradiation

Ahmad¹,

Ishak²,

Kasim³

et al. 2019

Biofuels - Challenges and Opportunities

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This study describes the characteristic and thermal properties of torrefied palm kernel shell (PKS) by microwave irradiation pretreatment. The microwave power level (200, 300, 450, and 600 W) and processing time (4, 8, and 12 min) were used in this study. The pretreated samples were analyzed for mass and energy yield, calorific value, proximate and elemental composition, and thermal decomposition. Results showed that the characteristic of pretreated PKS was enhanced by increasing the microwave power level and processing the time. The oxygen content and O/C ratio of torrefied PKS were reduced by increasing the microwave power level. The carbon content of pretreated PKS, which was closed to the untreated MB coal properties with comparable calorific value, was obtained. The microwave power level of 450 W and processing time of 8 min were suitable to upgrade the PKS to a respectable quality feedstock. Thus, it can be concluded that the alteration in physical, chemical, and thermal properties of torrefied PKS discovered the potential of this feedstock to be applied in subsequent thermochemical conversion such as pyrolysis and gasification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Properties of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell via Microwave Irradiation

Ahmad¹,

Ishak²,

Kasim³

et al. 2019

Biofuels - Challenges and Opportunities

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“…With the design and manufacture of tool is expected to develop patchouli oil refining business that already exist and the handling alternative energy utilization of biomass [36][37][38][39]. This condition important because patchouli leaves the refining process requires technology can assist people, so patchouli leaves refining activities are not done traditional or human power, so hope it can assist people in their production processesand fuel can utilize the still untapped biomass such as the candlenut shell, where the calorific value can be utilized for biomass burning systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of castel type biomass combustion chamber using candlenut shell fuel for patchouli oil purifying

Siahaan¹

2018

J. MECH. ENG. SCI.

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The combustion chamber is one of the tools used to cultivate plantation, with fuel predetermined. Most people in rural areas the largest users of fossil fuels derived from kerosene, gasoline, petrol, LPG gas, coal and firewood. One agricultural wastes that can be utilized the candlenut shells capable of generating heat energy can help problems of crisis fossil fuel. Biomass fuel type castel space is one of main tools that can convert biomass into thermal energy can be harnessed to the needs of everyday people like cooking. The objective of this research is to know the energy of calor and fuel consumption that produced in combustion chamber of castel type biomass using fuel to hazelnut shell for patchouli oil distillation. This experimental method was conducted experimentally, with the main materials and equipment of combustion chamber biomass type, boiler, boiler water pipe, condenser, centrifugal blower, hazelnut shell, patchouli leaf. The working procedure is started from the combustion process inside the combustion chamber to heat the water in the boiler until distillation process to occur between dried patchouli leaves with water vapor. Then it is cooled from the coil type separator so that the vapor mixture turns phase to water mixture with patchouli oil, then the mixture is separated in the oil phase separator glass by water so that it is obtained pure patchouli oil. The results show that the combustion chamber type that is made have been in accordance with existing theoretical standards. Where the results of testing and data analysis recommend the feasibility to be applied to the patchouli oil industry. In the candlenut shell fuel of obtained heat energy of Qf = 9.356.59 k.cal/hr with a temperature of 795 °C, while the higher heating value of 18.446 kJ/kg and lower heating value at 17.170 kJ/kg. The conclusion of this research is that besides can get good distillation technology, also can utilize existing fuel around the residence and not yet utilized in this case biomass of candlenut shell which have high calorific value for burning process in the combustion chamber.

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“…In 2016, Malaysia produced 4.19 MnT of PKS, as ASTESJ ISSN: 2415-6698 residues from oil palm industry [11]. Thus, transforming PKS to bio-fuel under a thermal conversion offers a greater advantage to substitute fossil fuels, and it minimizes the disposal problems related with the generation of agricultural by-products [12]. PKS exhibited great prospective as fuel to produce gas with enhanced hydrogen and energy content [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Torrefaction on Gasification of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell

Ahmad¹,

Ishak²,

Ismail³

et al. 2018

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

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In this study, torrefaction pretreatment on palm kernel shell (PKS) was investigated using fixed bed reactor. The PKS was torrefied at the temperatures of 210, 230, 250, 270 and 290 °C. The characteristics between untreated and torrefied PKS were compared. The results showed that, the mass and energy yield lessened, while the calorific value augmented with the increasing torrefaction temperature. Furthermore, with the rise of temperature, the oxygen composition, O/C ratio, oxygenated compounds and volatile matter of torrefied PKS decreased, but, the carbon and fixed carbon content increased. The composition of carbon in torrefied PKS was toward coal where equivalent calorific values was achieved. The gasification of torrefied PKS enhanced the product yield which produced higher gas, lower tar and char yield than the gasification of untreated PKS. Gasification of torrefied PKS increased the gas yield by 16.9 % than the untreated PKS. The tar and char yield of torrefied PKS decreased by 19.4 % and 25.9 %, respectively than the untreated PKS. Therefore, the torrefied PKS, by which their physical and chemical properties have been improved through torrefaction pretreatment is more suitable to be used in gasification and co-gasification as their influences are significant than the untreated PKS.

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Characterization of Bio-Oil From Palm Kernel Shell Pyrolysis

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Properties of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell via Microwave Irradiation

Properties of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell via Microwave Irradiation

Analysis of castel type biomass combustion chamber using candlenut shell fuel for patchouli oil purifying

Influence of Torrefaction on Gasification of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell

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