Characterization of bio-oils and bio-chars obtained from the catalytic pyrolysis of alkali lignin with metal chlorides

Wang, Wenliang; Ren, Xueyong; Chang, Jianmin; Cai, Liping; Shi, Sheldon Q.

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.06.048

Cited by 48 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 2a, the pyrolysis of lignin with and without calcium additives resulted in a high char production, which was due to some very stable aromatic rings and high carbon content in the lignin [18,19]. In this study, the yields of bio-oil, gas, and char for raw lignin pyrolysis were in agreement with the results of many reports in the literature [20,21]. Figure 2a shows that the catalytic effect of three calcium salt additives led to the same tendencies in the yields of pyrolysis products, which promoted the bio-oil yields and inhibited the formation of gas and char.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The lower values of BET surface area and total pore volume (in Table 2) also illustrates that the chars obtained from lignin pyrolysis with or without additives were almost non-porous materials. This, therefore, well coincides with the previous conclusion that chars derived from lignin pyrolysis need the process of further activation before being used as commercial activated carbons [21]. Furthermore, according to IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) classification, the diameter of mesopores was between 2 and 50 nm [34].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The influences of the three additives on product distribution were consistent with previous studies. Wang (2015) [21] proved that the catalytic pyrolysis of lignin using calcium chloride resulted in a decrease in residual carbon formation and an increase in bio-oil yield. Peng (2014) [17] reported that liquid yield increased when hydroxide alkalis was added in lignin pyrolysis, but the yields of char and gas decreased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the Product Characteristics of Pyrolysis Lignin with Calcium Salt Additives

2019

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This study investigated and compared the product characteristics of pyrolysis lignin under different catalytic effects resulting from various calcium salts. The pyrolysis of lignin was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor with calcium salt additives, which included CaCl2, Ca(OH)2, and Ca(HCOO)2. The compositions of gas and bio-oil were detected using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The characterizations of chars were examined using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that all three types of calcium salts helped to promote bio-oil yield and inhibit gas and char from forming. Regarding the composition of gas products, calcium salt additives increased the concentrations of H2 and CH4 while decreasing the concentration of CO. In addition, calcium salt additives facilitated the formation of phenol and alkyl-phenols in bio-oil, but reduced the yields of guaiacol and vanillin, in the order CaCl2 < Ca(OH)2 < Ca(HCOO)2. Furthermore, when compared with the addition of CaCl2, the chars prepared by the addition of Ca(OH)2 and Ca(HCOO)2 had relatively higher BET surface areas. In conclusion, Ca(HCOO)2 had the greatest positive influence in regard to the product quality of lignin pyrolysis whilst also elevating the yield of value-added chemicals in bio-oils.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the Product Characteristics of Pyrolysis Lignin with Calcium Salt Additives

2019

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“…We can therefore deduce that Ca played a key role in the decomposition of lignin and the formation of GC-detectable phenolic compounds. The impregnation of lignin with CaCl 2 has been recently found to result in increased thermal decomposition of the lignin structure and in increased formation of phenolic products [36,37]. Fig.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Bio-oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of bio-oil yields by demineralization of low quality biomass

Stefanidis

Heracleous

Patiaka

et al. 2015

Biomass and Bioenergy

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“…Similar observations were also found by other groups. FeCl 3 was also reported as capable of facilitating the formation of bio-char [230]. MgCl 2 can significantly increase viscosity and average molecular weight of resulting oil obtained from yellow pine as the magnesium content increases [231].…”

Section: Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metallic (Aaem) Speciesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass and Polymer Wastes

et al. 2018

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Oil produced by the pyrolysis of biomass and co-pyrolysis of biomass with waste synthetic polymers has significant potential as a substitute for fossil fuels. However, the relatively poor properties found in pyrolysis oil—such as high oxygen content, low caloric value, and physicochemical instability—hampers its practical utilization as a commercial petroleum fuel replacement or additive. This review focuses on pyrolysis catalyst design, impact of using real waste feedstocks, catalyst deactivation and regeneration, and optimization of product distributions to support the production of high value-added products. Co-pyrolysis of two or more feedstock materials is shown to increase oil yield, caloric value, and aromatic hydrocarbon content. In addition, the co-pyrolysis of biomass and polymer waste can contribute to a reduction in production costs, expand waste disposal options, and reduce environmental impacts. Several promising options for catalytic pyrolysis to become industrially viable are also discussed.

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Characterization of bio-oils and bio-chars obtained from the catalytic pyrolysis of alkali lignin with metal chlorides

Cited by 48 publications

References 25 publications

Study on the Product Characteristics of Pyrolysis Lignin with Calcium Salt Additives

Study on the Product Characteristics of Pyrolysis Lignin with Calcium Salt Additives

Optimization of bio-oil yields by demineralization of low quality biomass

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass and Polymer Wastes

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