Characterization of biodiesel and bio-oil from Sterculia striata (chicha) oil

Biodiesel production from Sterculia striata oil by ethyl transesterification method

“…In the present work, chicha biodiesel presented higher kinematic viscosity than the values reported by Hoekman et al (2012)-5,4 mm 2 s −1 , which agreed with the value that Mangas et al (2012) reported for Sterculia striata and fell within the range specified by the Brazilian petroleum agency (ANP). As for the chicha biodiesel specific gravity, it lay outside the range established by ANP and Hoekman et al (2012), but it was 4.71% higher than the specific gravity reported by Mangas et al (2012). The chicha oil acid number agreed with the values obtained by Mangas et al (2012) and proposed by ANP.…”

“…As Table 8, the results obtained were: viscosity = 6.02 ± 0.03 mm 2 s −1 , specific mass = 0.932 ± 0.001 g cm −3 , acid number = 0.005 ± 0.001 mg of KOH/g of oil and moisture content = 0.019 ± 0.01%. Although the results lay in the range of the parameters reported in the literature, they differed from literature data, comparing with data obtained by Mangas et al (2012), viscosity = 5.39 mm 2 s −1 , specific mass = 0.890 g cm −3 and acid number = 0.01. This most probably occurred because the chicha oil prepared in this work was not commercial and did not undergo a standard treatment process.…”

“…As for the chicha biodiesel specific gravity, it lay outside the range established by ANP and Hoekman et al (2012), but it was 4.71% higher than the specific gravity reported by Mangas et al (2012). The chicha oil acid number agreed with the values obtained by Mangas et al (2012) and proposed by ANP. As expected, chicha oil conversion to biodiesel reduced oil viscosity-the transesterification reaction transformed triglycerides into smaller fatty acid ester molecules.…”

“…When Mangas et al (2012) applied a pressure of 495 kgf cm −2 , for 2 h, followed by chemical extraction with hexane, they were able to extract 42% chicha oil (in mass) from chicha seeds. Table 4 depicts the vegetable oil extraction yield as a function of the extraction time for different masses of chicha seeds.…”

“…Viscosity (mm 2 s −1 ) Specific mass (g cm −3 ) Acid number (mg of KOH/ g of oil) Moisture content (%) Values 6.02 ± 0.03 0.932 ± 0.001 0.005 ± 0.001 0.019 ± 0.01 Mangas et al (2012) 5.39 0.890 0.01 -row range-from 4 to 5 mm 2 s −1 . The specific gravity of the 12 types of biodiesel varied between 0.873 and 0.883.…”