Characterization of Bis-Acryl Composite Resins for Provisional Restorations

Abstract

This study investigated the in vitro performance of the commercial bis-acryl composite resins Systemp C&B II (SYS, Ivoclar Vivadent), Protemp 4 (PT4, 3M ESPE), Structur 2C (ST2, Voco) and ProviPlast (PVP, Biodinamica). Characterization involved optical (color stability, translucency parameter, fluorescence), surface (roughness, morphology and elemental composition), physical-chemical (viscosity, polymerization kinetics) and mechanical analyses (Poisson ratio, biaxial flexural strength, flexural modulus). Most tests were carried out after 24 h, but optical and mechanical analyses were carried out after storage in water at 37 °C for 1, 15, and 30 days. Data were statistically analyzed (α=0.05). Most results were material dependent. SYS and PT4 showed stability in color and translucency over time. All materials had similar or higher fluorescence than human enamel. SC2 and PVP showed rougher surfaces than the other bis-acryl composites. Smaller filler particles were observed on the surface of PT4 and PVP compared with the coarser particles from ST2 and SYS. Viscosity readings indicated a thixotropic behavior for all tested materials. SYS had the lowest and PT4 the highest degree of C=C conversion after 10 min. In the polymerization kinetics, PT4 had the highest maximum polymerization rate and reached earlier the transition between polymerization autoacceleration and autodeceleration. PT4 and SYS had significantly higher flexural strength and modulus than ST2 and PVP for most storage times. Results for Poisson ratio varied between materials. Longer storage periods were generally associated with higher frequency of catastrophic failures in the flexural tests. In conclusion, the performance of bis-acryl composite resins varied largely among materials.

Polishing Methods' Influence on Color Stability and Roughness of 2 Provisional Prosthodontic Materials

“…Roughness values of provisional restoration materials vary widely in the literature, ranging from 0.14 15 to 1.98 μm 1 (acrylic resin), and from 0.07 21 to 1.27 μm 8 (bis‐acryl resins), and values from this study are similar to values previously reported, but inferior to other studies . Direct comparisons are difficult, due to a high variety of material brands, chemical structure, polishing techniques, and immersion protocols used.…”

“…Also, to further reduce bias, a single, experienced operator performed all the color measurements, in the same ambient light, with standard illumination. Considering the limitations of this study, the bis‐acryl resin presented itself as a limited option for use, especially when the rehabilitation treatment requires an extended treatment time, due to the intense color alterations that may compromise the esthetics of the provisional restoration in the long term …”

Simple and Low-Cost Thermal Treatments on Direct Resin Composites for Indirect Use

“…In addition, differences in the formulation of the indirect resin composite compared with the direct composite might also explain the present findings. Differences in the stiffness of the polymer network, inorganic filler loading and type or size of filler particles, for instance, may impact significantly the mechanical performance of polymeric composites (18)(19)(20). However, the manufacturer of the indirect composite tested does not provide detailed information to allow a more in-depth analysis.…”

Effect of mouthwashes on the integrity of composite resin and resin modified glass ionomer: In vitro study

“…This anomaly complements with moisture absorption manifested by the weight gain of the material, which is produced by the infiltration of substances such as saliva, food, liquids and mouthwashes. The moisture penetration produces degradation (10), which is strictly related with the amount of inorganic compound, as well as with its composition, size, volume and degree of conversion (11-13).…”