Characterization of black carbon at roadside sites and along vehicle roadways in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region

Hung, Nguyen Tri Quang; Lee, Seung-Bok; Hang, Nguyen Thi Thu; Kongpran, Jira; Oanh, Nguyen Thi Kim; Shim, So Yeon

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.011

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Secondary data of PM2.5 concentrations from BMA were in the range of 1.0 -58.0 µg/m 3 , with the average of 27.2 µg/m 3 . In comparison to several studies monitoring BC nearby roadways (Table 1), BC concentrations measured in this study were somehow lower than those previously reported, e.g., the average BC concentration of 17.9±6.6 µg/m 3 observed in Bangkok area during dry season [10], the ones of 8.9±3.6 µg/m 3 monitored in Istanbul, Turkey [11], and 9.7 ± 0.8 µg/m 3 reported in London, UK [12].…”

Section: Bc Concentrations and Bc/pm25 Ratioscontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…Throughout the sampling period, the results between daytime and nighttime on weekdays and weekends did not show significant difference. The average BC/PM2.5 ratio (18.0%) from this study was clearly lower than the previous studies at roadside site in urban Bangkok (30.0 -37.0%) [10] and in Instunbul, Turkey (38.0%) [11]. However, it was relatively higher than those found in Shanghai (5.0 -12.0%) and Jiaxing (7.1%) of China, and in Guadalajara of Mexico (1.4 -9 .6%) (Table 1).…”

Section: Ratchathewi Stationcontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…These two peaks of BC concentrations presented in the morning and the night, which should be related to traffic emission and the formation of boundary layer height, [ 10] , [ 15] . Due to Thailand is the tropics, sunrise usually occurs during 5: 00 -6: 00.…”

Section: Fig 3 Diurnal Variation Of Bc Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Black Carbon in PM2.5 at Roadside Site in Bangkok, Thailand

Phanukarn¹

2020

GEOMATE

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Traffic is typically a major source of air pollution in urban areas of developing countries. The exhaust emissions include gaseous substances and particulate matter, which PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter) is the majority. In urban areas, the composition of PM2.5 at roadside site dominated by the carbonaceous combustion component, the major constituent wherein was represented as black carbon (BC). This study aimed to investigate the diurnal concentrations of BC related to PM2.5 by using a seven-wavelength aethalometer. Study site was located near one of congested roads in Bangkok, Thailand. The correlation between traffic volumes and BC concentrations at roadside were also discussed. Results showed that the 24-h average BC concentrations of this site were in the range of 1.5 -15 µg/m3. The diurnal pattern of BC levels exhibited two peaks of BC concentrations occurring during 0500 to 0700 LST and 2100 to 2300 LST. The morning peak of BC evidently governed by traffic condition while the evening peak resulted from traffic associated with meteorological effect. In addition, the density of heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) played an important role to the diurnal pattern of BC concentrations. Interestingly, the highest BC level from this study site was observed on Sunday, where the lowest was found on Monday and Friday. This involved with traffic volumes caused by particular activity around this study site.

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Section: Bc Concentrations and Bc/pm25 Ratioscontrasting

confidence: 96%

Section: Ratchathewi Stationcontrasting

confidence: 89%

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Black Carbon in PM2.5 at Roadside Site in Bangkok, Thailand

Phanukarn¹

2020

GEOMATE

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“…Consequently, the particulate matter concentration has increased in the air. The concentration becomes significantly high at the closer area of the highway rather than any other areas (Tri et al, 2014) that proves the effect of the number vehicles contributes to the air pollution. The emissions are in terms of gasses, e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

The automatic transmission motorcycle ultrafine particles PM0.1 effects in the alveolar enlargement, depleted of septum alveolus, and lung inflammation

Wardoyo¹,

Juswono²,

Noor³

2018

Berkala Penelitian Hayati

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Motorcycles smoke have been responsible inducing lungs related to diseases for a long time. This study was aimed to reveal the effect of the repeated exposure automatic transmission motorcycle smoke in the development of lungs damage in the wistar mice by observing the alveolar, the septum alveolar, and the tissues inflammation. Threes groups of the wistar mice had been labelled as control, C1, and C2 and keep in 30 x 20 x 20 cm 3 chamber. The C1 group was introduced by the motorcycle smoke for 60 second and C2 for 100 seconds. The smoke was flowed into a chamber by using an air pump with the rate of 2 m/s. The smoke was exposed repeatedly to the mice as long as 10 sequence days, and the lung was observed for every 2 day. The alveolar size was observed by measuring the line core length. The septum alveolar was indicated by the depleted septum alveolus, and the inflammation was identified by the morphological way. All of the result were statistically analysed. The alveolar line core grew longer for the C1 and C2 group of 11±6 μm and 20±2 μm compared to the control. The Depleted Septum Alveolar increased up to 77% for the C1 group and 79% for the C2 group. The tissue inflammations were found in every sample. The R 2 from statistical approach showed the strong correlation between the lung damage and the repeated exposures. The lung damage in terms of alveolar size enlargement, the increase of damage septum alveolus, and tissues inflammation were related to repeated exposure of motorcycle smoke.

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“…Several studies attempted to identify sources of PM2.5 emissions in the Bangkok area [14]- [16]. Motor vehicles, especially diesel fuel type, were mentioned to play an important role in PM2.5 concentrations in Bangkok.…”

Section: Transportation Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

New Normal Role in PM2.5 Reduction in Bangkok

Chinwetkitvanich¹,

Ngamsritrakul²,

Panyametheekul³

2021

IJESD

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The world has been exposed to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) since late 2019. A global pandemic has shifted health concerns from air pollution effects to novel coronavirus disease, similarly to those in Bangkok. Although Bangkokians have experienced severe PM2.5 conditions since the last quarter of 2017, the related agencies have failed to elucidate the crisis. This has been because the fundamental air quality management is focused on controlling emissions. The Thai government has sluggishly determined the situations that lead to the inability to clean up its air. How are air pollution and disease linked? This article points to the importance of source management. The lockdown measures revealed reduced traffic rate and PM2.5 concentrations. Such a close relationship has shed insights of the consequences of working from home (WFH). The link between disease and air pollution includes (i) WFH regulation is one specific way to prevent the transmission of disease, (ii) this guideline decreases traffic congestion in an urban city which is one path of diminished pollution discharge and (iii) then noticeably followed by PM2.5 reductions. Again, the magnitude of source control is crucial. Reducing pollutions from traffic by means of WFH has illustrated this accomplishment. In the midst of this crisis, moving to a new normal role supports remaining protected from both air pollution and the pandemic. Nevertheless, the sustainability of transportation control in an overcrowded city like Bangkok should be considered as a vital pathway to tackle air pollution.

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Characterization of black carbon at roadside sites and along vehicle roadways in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Black Carbon in PM2.5 at Roadside Site in Bangkok, Thailand

Black Carbon in PM2.5 at Roadside Site in Bangkok, Thailand

The automatic transmission motorcycle ultrafine particles PM0.1 effects in the alveolar enlargement, depleted of septum alveolus, and lung inflammation

New Normal Role in PM2.5 Reduction in Bangkok

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