Characterization of Central and Nasal Orbital Adipose Stem Cells and their Neural Differentiation Footprints

Abstract

Background: The unique potential of stem cells to restore vision and regenerate damaged ocular cells has led to the increased attraction of researchers and ophthalmologists to ocular regenerative medicine in recent decades. In addition, advantages such as easy access to ocular tissues, non-invasive follow-up, and ocular immunologic privilege have enhanced the desire to develop ocular regenerative medicine. Objective: This study aimed to characterize central and nasal orbital adipose stem cells (OASCs) and their neural differentiation potential. Methods: The central and nasal orbital adipose tissues extracted during an upper blepharoplasty surgery were explant-cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/F12 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells from passage 3 were characterized morphologically by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential and by flow cytometry for expression of mesenchymal (CD73, CD90, and CD105) and hematopoietic (CD34 and CD45) markers. The potential of OASCs for the expression of NGF, PI3K, and MAPK and to induce neurogenesis was assessed by real-time PCR. method: The central and nasal orbital adipose tissues extracted during an upper blepharoplasty surgery were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/F12 supplemented with 10 Results: OASCs were spindle-shaped and positive for adipogenic and osteogenic induction. They were also positive for mesenchymal and negative for hematopoietic markers. They were positive for NGF expression in the absence of any significant alteration in the expression of PI3K and MAPK genes. Nasal OASCs had higher expression of CD90, higher potential for adipogenesis, a higher level of NGF expression under serum-free supplementation, and more potential for neuron-like morphology. Conclusion: We suggested the explant method of culture as an easy and suitable method for the expansion of OASCs. Our findings denote mesenchymal properties of both central and nasal OASCs, while mesenchymal and neural characteristics were expressed stronger in nasal OASCs when compared to central ones. These findings can be added to the literature when cell transplantation is targeted in the treatment of neuro-retinal degenerative disorders.

Global research trends and hotspots on tendon-derived stem cell: a bibliometric visualization study

“…The topography of the cellular microenvironment plays a vital role in Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology frontiersin.org cell activities, guiding cell attachment, morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. Furthermore, it influences cell signaling and morphology Cells can sense morphological changes in the extracellular matrix of cells and convert this information into morphological changes, thereby affecting cell differentiation (Sanie-Jahromi et al, 2023). In 2010, Yin Zi's team introduced bioengineered scaffolds into the TDSCs research field by planting human-derived TDSCs on electrospun nanofiber scaffolds (Yin et al, 2010).…”

Research progress of orbital fat in histology and cytology: A review

“…[ 13 ] Therefore, we can boldly speculate that the medial fat pad originates from neural crest that are different from the central fat pad. However, in the experiment of differentiation of orbital fat-derived stem cells into neural cells in vitro, stem cells from central fat pad expressed more marker antigens of neuronal and glial cell [ 11 ] ; while Sanie-Jahromi et al [ 14 ] pointed out that compared with central fat pad, adipose stem cells from medial fat pad have stronger neural differentiation ability. Gola et al [ 15 ] reported that medial fat pad of orbital fat is rich in fiber and blood vessels and is lobulated, while the central fat pad has less blood vessels and is liquid, similar to subcutaneous fat; Kim et al [ 16 ] studied the development of upper eyelid of human embryo and found that the central fat pad of upper eyelid began to differentiate at 16 weeks, and the preseptal fat located between orbicularis oculi muscle and orbital septum began to differentiate at 18 weeks, which may indicate that the origin of the above fat is different, but failed to find the difference in differentiation time between medial and central fat pad.…”