“…One of the main streams is to replace a synthetic source of calcium by the natural, one originating from wastes as animal bones e.g. bovine (Niakan et al, 2015), pig (Ofudje et al, 2018 or chicken (Bee and Hamid, 2019), natural shells e.g. abalone (Huang et al, 2020), snails (Zhou et al, 2016), oyster (Almukarramah and Yusuf, 2020), mussels (Edralin et al, 2017), meti (Ruslan et al, 2020), clam (Bramhe et al, 2014) and eggshells (De Angelis et al, 2017;Malau and Adinugraha, 2020).…”