Characterization of circular muscle motor neurons of the duodenum and distal colon in the Australian brush‐tailed possum

Konomi, Hiroyuki; Meedeniya, Adrian Cuda Banda; Simula, Maria Pina; Toouli, James; Saccone, G. T. P.

doi:10.1002/cne.10094

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…As to the co‐expression of nNOS‐ and ChAT‐IR, our results (about 86%) are not consistent with those obtained in the guinea pig (Li and Furness, ), pig (Brehmer et al., ) or human (Beck et al., ) where only a small percentage (16% in the guinea pig, less than 2% in the pig and about 3% in the human) of nNOS‐IR MP co‐expressed ChAT‐IR. The mixed phenotype (ChAT‐ and nNOS‐IR) seems a feature of MP interneurones, although functional data obtained on Australian brush‐tailed possum demonstrated that the mixed phenotype (NOS + /ChAT + ) might be a feature of CML myenteric motor neurones (Konomi et al., ). Furthermore, it was shown that nitric oxide can modulate cholinergic transmission in canine colon muscle strips (Rae et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Innervation of the Persian Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) Ileum

Sadeghinezhad

Tootian

Latorre

et al. 2012

Anat Histol Embryol

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Most investigations related to the characterisation of the enteric nervous system (ENS) are pivoted on the intestine of small rodents, but few studies are available on the ENS of wild or 'unconventional' rodents. Anti-PGP 9.5 and anti-Hu antibodies were utilised to recognise the distribution pattern of neuronal cell bodies and fibres of the ileum of the Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) ENS. The percentages of subclasses of enteric neurones in the total neuronal population were investigated by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and calbindin (CALB). Myenteric plexus (MP) and submucosal plexus (SMP) neurones showing nNOS immunoreactivity (IR) were 41±4% and 11±6%, respectively, whereas cells expressing ChAT-IR were 56±9% and 74±16%, respectively. nNOS-IR was co-expressed by 21±2% and 9±4% of the MP and SMP cholinergic neurones, respectively, whereas the nNOS-IR MP and SMP neurones co-expressing ChAT-IR were 86±6% and 89±2%, respectively. CGRP-IR and SP-IR were expressed, respectively, by 13±5% and 6±3% of MP and 18±2% and 2±2% of SMP neurones. CALB-IR was expressed by 22±8% and 56±14% of MP and SMP neurones, respectively. MP and SMP cholinergic neurones co-expressed nNOS-IR (21±2% and 9±4%, respectively) and a very high percentage of nNOS-IR neurones showed ChAT-IR (86±6% and 89±2%, respectively). MP and SMP CALB-IR neurones co-expressed ChAT-IR (100% and 63±11%, respectively) and CGRP-IR (89±5% and 26±7%, respectively). Our data might contribute to the neuroanatomical knowledge of the gastrointestinal tract in exotic mammals and provide a comparison with the available data on other mammals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Innervation of the Persian Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) Ileum

Sadeghinezhad

Tootian

Latorre

et al. 2012

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…Motor neurons of the entire gastrointestinal tract contain acetylcholinetransferase ( Ratcliffe et al , 1998 ; Konomi et al , 2002 ; Porter et al , 2002 ) and the tachykinins such as substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and B (NKB) ( Sandler et al , 1991 ; Shuttleworth et al , 1991 ; Yunker et al , 1999 ; Yip et al , 2003 ). ACh is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the gastrointestinal tract but tachykinins can also play an important role in specific gastrointestinal regions ( Cao et al , 2000 ; Krysiak and Preiksaitis, 2001 ; El‐Mahmoudy et al , 2003 ).…”

Section: Excitatory Neurotransmitters In the Losmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of basal tone, relaxation and contraction of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Relevance to drug discovery for oesophageal disorders

Farré¹,

Sifrim²

2008

British J Pharmacology

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The lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) is a specialized region of the oesophageal circular smooth muscle that allows the passage of a swallowed bolus to the stomach and prevents the reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus. The anatomical arrangement of the LOS includes semicircular clasp fibres adjacent to the lesser gastric curvature and sling fibres following the greater gastric curvature. Such anatomical arrangement together with an asymmetric intrinsic innervation and distinct proportion of neurotransmitters in both regions produces an asymmetric pressure profile. The LOS tone is myogenic in origin and depends on smooth muscle properties that lead to opening of L-type Ca 2 þ channels; however it can be modulated by enteric motor neurons, the parasympathetic and sympathetic extrinsic nervous system and several neurohumoral substances. Nitric oxide synthesized by neuronal NOS is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in LOS relaxation. Different putative neurotransmitters have been proposed to play a role together with NO. So far, only ATP or related purines have shown to be co-transmitters with NO. Acetylcholine and tachykinins are involved in the LOS contraction acting through acetylcholine M 3 and tachykinin NK 2 receptors. Nitric oxide can also be involved in the regulation of LOS contraction. The understanding of the mechanisms that originate and modulate LOS tone, relaxation and contraction and the characterization of neurotransmitters and receptors involved in LOS function are important to develop new pharmacological tools to treat primary oesophageal motor disorders and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

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“…11 Neurally released VIP and NO is proposed to regulate fluid transport by the gall bladder epithelium under some pathological conditions. 11,15,17,18 The technique of retrograde tracing in vitro, combined with immunohistochemistry has been used to characterize the projections and neurochemical code of enteric neurones within the intestine and stomach of several laboratory species [19][20][21][22] and humans. 23,24 More recently, we applied these techniques to elucidate the motor innervation of the gall bladder in the Australian Brush-tailed possum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the gall bladder epithelium in the Australian Brush‐tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

Meedeniya

Schloithe

Toouli

et al. 2003

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Intrinsic neurones of the gall bladder modulate its function. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are present in gall bladder neurones and nitric oxide and VIP modulate its epithelial functions. As an extensive extrinsic innervation of the gall bladder is also present, the source of the epithelial innervation is unclear. In this study the source of the gall bladder epithelial innervation is defined. Immunoreactivity for VIP, NOS, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in organotypic cultured and freshly fixed gall bladder were compared. Retrograde tracing in vitro from the epithelium was used to identify putative intrinsic secretomotor neurones, which were then characterized by immunohistochemistry. Abundant spinal afferent and sympathetic innervation of the gall bladder epithelium was demonstrated by CGRP/SP and TH immunohistochemistry, respectively. The intrinsic secretomotor innervation of the epithelium is derived exclusively from neurones of the subepithelial plexus. A majority of these neurones were immunoreactive for NOS. Some of the NOS-immunoreactive neurones of the subepithelial plexus also contained VIP and/or SP. Gall bladder subepithelial plexus neurones, containing NOS and/or VIP/SP, innervate the epithelium, as do extrinsic neurones.

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Characterization of circular muscle motor neurons of the duodenum and distal colon in the Australian brush‐tailed possum

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Intrinsic Innervation of the Persian Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) Ileum

Intrinsic Innervation of the Persian Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) Ileum

Regulation of basal tone, relaxation and contraction of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Relevance to drug discovery for oesophageal disorders

Characterization of the intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the gall bladder epithelium in the Australian Brush‐tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

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