Characterization of Differentially Measured Strain Using Passive Wireless Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Strain Sensors

Stoney, Rory; Geraghty, Dermot; O’Donnell, Garret E.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2013.2285722

Cited by 72 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Assuming a TCF of −96 ppm/°C for YZ-LiNbO 3 , then a sensor based on this material will be 40-50 times more sensitive to temperature. Future designs on this substrate (LiNbO 3 ) will need to incorporate some temperature compensation, such as differential measurements or thin film temperature compensation, for accurate strain extraction [10], [24].…”

Section: Strain Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

Humphries

Malocha

2015

IEEE Sensors J.

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Wireless sensors offer a unique solution for many applications where wired designs may not be feasible. This paper presents the design and experimental results of a passive, wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) strain sensor using orthogonal frequency coding (OFC) for the device identification. The sensor operates at a frequency of 915 MHz with a bandwidth of 68 MHz. A vector network analyzer is used to interrogate the sensor from a range of 60 cm (2 ft), with further range possible by increased transmitter output power or averaging. The sensor is bonded directly to a steel cantilever test structure and could be attached directly to other structures. An external connection site facilitates an antenna, with bond wires joining the connection site to the SAW die. A 3-D printed package protects the sensor while allowing the antenna to be mounted externally from the sensor package. Experimental results show that the wireless SAW strain sensor performs comparably to a wired, commercial strain gage. In addition, the strain sensitivity is extracted for this SAW OFC strain sensor embodiment which describes the frequency shift with the applied strain (−1.80 ppm/με).Index Terms-Wireless sensor, saw sensor, surface acoustic wave (saw), structural health monitoring (shm), saw strain sensor.

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Section: Strain Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent results have shown that SAW devices can be configured to accurately sense strain [9], [10]. SAW devices are an excellent platform to develop passive, wireless strain sensors for these many reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

Humphries

Malocha

2015

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…Many proven SAW-based sensors were developed for sensing gas species, temperature, force, torque, and so on [1][2][3][4][5]. Recently, referring to the magnetostrictive thin film as the sensing material or magnetoresistor as the external loaded sensor, a new concept of SAW-based magnetic/current sensor were proposed, allowing possible features of fast response, high sensitivity, strong anti-interference, and small size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Magnetostrictive FeNi Coated Surface Acoustic Wave Current Sensor

et al. 2017

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Featured Application: The developed magnetostrictive FeNi coated Surface acoustic wave sensor with high sensitivity; fast response; strong anti-interference; good linearity and repeatability; and lower hysteresis error will be a potential candidate for current monitoring application in smart grid line testing; metallurgical and power supplies; rail transit safety warnings and rescue.Abstract: A magnetostrictive FeNi-coated surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based current sensor was proposed in this work. The weak remanence and hysteresis effect of the FeNi itself contributes to suppress the asymmetry in sensor response at increasing and decreasing current. The sensor response was simulated by solving the coupled electromechanical field equation in layered structure considering the magnetostrictive effect and an approach of effective dielectric constant. The effects from the aspect ratio and thickness of the FeNi film on sensor response were analyzed to determine the optimal design parameters. Differential oscillation structure was used to form the sensor, in which, the FeNi thin film was deposited along the SAW propagation of the sensor chip by using RF magnetron sputtering. The magnetostrictive effect of the FeNi coating induced by the magnetic loading generates the perturbation in SAW velocity, and corresponding oscillation frequency. High sensitivity of 10.7 KHz/A, good linearity and repeatability, lower hysteresis error of 0.97% were obtained from the developed prototype 150 MHz SAW FeNi coated current sensor.

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“…Guided waves such as Lamb waves and SAW have been explored for detection of surface and subsurface defects/delamination [11][12][13][14]. Recently, highly sensitive strain sensors employing SAW resonator have been developed for SHM applications [15][16][17]. It was demonstrated that the strain induced in the structure could be sensed using SAW sensors, and macroscale damage could be quantified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlocal Damage Mechanics for Quantification of Health for Piezoelectric Sensor

et al. 2018

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In this paper, a novel method to quantify the incubation of damage on piezoelectric crystal is presented. An intrinsic length scale parameter obtained from nonlocal field theory is used as a novel measure for quantification of damage precursor. Features such as amplitude decay, attenuation, frequency shifts and higher harmonics of guided waves are commonly-used damage features. Quantification of the precursors to damage by considering the mentioned features in a single framework is a difficult proposition. Therefore, a nonlocal field theory is formulated and a nonlocal damage index is proposed. The underlying idea of the paper is that inception of the damage at the micro scale manifests the evolution of damage at the macro scale. In this paper, we proposed a nonlocal field theory, which can efficiently quantify the inception of damage on piezoelectric crystals. The strength of the method is demonstrated by employing the surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and longitudinal bulk waves in Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) single crystal. A control damage was introduced and its manifestation was expressed using the intrinsic dominant length scale. The SAWs were excited and detected using interdigital transducers (IDT) for healthy and damage state. The acoustic imaging of microscale damage in piezoelectric crystal was conducted using scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM). The intrinsic damage state was then quantified by overlaying changes in time of flight (TOF) and frequency shift on the angular dispersion relationship.

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Characterization of Differentially Measured Strain Using Passive Wireless Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Strain Sensors

Cited by 72 publications

References 18 publications

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

Development of a Magnetostrictive FeNi Coated Surface Acoustic Wave Current Sensor

Nonlocal Damage Mechanics for Quantification of Health for Piezoelectric Sensor

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