Characterization of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging revealing relationships between white matter disconnection and behavioral disturbances in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review

This study aimed to assess the potential of multiparametric chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging (CEST MRI) for MCI detection. Twenty-eight patients with MCI and 31 age- and gender-matched normal controls (NCs) were enrolled. CEST MRI was performed with a gradient and spin-echo sequence on a 3T scanner. Multi-parametric CEST parameters were analyzed, such as amide, amine, amine and amide concentration independent assay (AACID), magnetization transfer ratio yielding rex (MTRrex-amide), and downfield rNOE suppressed apparent exchange-dependent relaxation amide proton (DNS-AREX-amide). Statistical analyses of CEST parameters were performed to evaluate group differences, their correlations with Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score, and diagnostic performance for MCI. Compared with NC group, amide as well as MTRrex-amide decreased in the left hippocampus and amine as well as AACID increased in the right hippocampus in the MCI group; In both hippocampi, the DNS-AREX-amide were significantly lower in the MCI group versus the NC group (all P < 0.05). Amine in the right hippocampus was negatively correlated with MoCA score (r = − 0.457, p = 0.017); DNS-AREX-amide in the bilateral hippocampus was positively correlated with MoCA score (left: r = 0.449, P = 0.019; right: AUC = 0.529, P = 0.05). DNS-AREX-amide in the bilateral hippocampus have a good ability to identify MCI (left: AUC = 0.756, P < 0.01; right: AUC = 0.762, P < 0.01). CEST MRI provides a potential imaging diagnostic strategy for MCI, which may promote early detection of MCI and provide novel insights into the pathological progress toward AD.

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Frontal Cortex Lipid Alterations During the Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease

Moreno-Rodriguez,

Perez,

Martinez-Gardeazabal

et al. 2024

JAD

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Background: Although sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology, familial AD is associated with specific gene mutations. A commonality between these forms of AD is that both display multiple pathogenic events including cholinergic and lipid dysregulation. Objective: We aimed to identify the relevant lipids and the activity of their related receptors in the frontal cortex and correlating them with cognition during the progression of AD. Methods: MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and functional autoradiography was used to evaluate the distribution of phospholipids/sphingolipids and the activity of cannabinoid 1 (CB1), sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 (S1P1), and muscarinic M2/M4 receptors in the frontal cortex (FC) of people that come to autopsy with premortem clinical diagnosis of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and no cognitive impairment (NCI). Results: MALDI-MSI revealed an increase in myelin-related lipids, such as diacylglycerol (DG) 36:1, DG 38:5, and phosphatidic acid (PA) 40:6 in the white matter (WM) in MCI compared to NCI, and a downregulation of WM phosphatidylinositol (PI) 38:4 and PI 38:5 levels in AD compared to NCI. Elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) 32:1, PC 34:0, and sphingomyelin 38:1 were observed in discrete lipid accumulations in the FC supragranular layers during disease progression. Muscarinic M2/M4 receptor activation in layers V-VI decreased in AD compared to MCI. CB1 receptor activity was upregulated in layers V-VI, while S1P1 was downregulated within WM in AD relative to NCI. Conclusions: FC WM lipidomic alterations are associated with myelin dyshomeostasis in prodromal AD, suggesting WM lipid maintenance as a potential therapeutic target for dementia.

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Characterization of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging revealing relationships between white matter disconnection and behavioral disturbances in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review

Cited by 3 publications

References 151 publications

Multiparametric Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI Detects Metabolic Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment Cases at 3.0 Tesla

Multiparametric Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI Detects Metabolic Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment Cases at 3.0 Tesla

Multiparametric chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI detects metabolic changes in mild cognitive impairment cases at 3.0 Tesla.

Frontal Cortex Lipid Alterations During the Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease

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