Characterization of Effective In-Plane Electrical Resistivity of a Gas Diffusion Layer in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells through Freeze–Thaw Thermal Cycles

Chen, Yanqin; Jiang, Chao; Cho, Chongdu

doi:10.3390/en13010145

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Substrates made from stainless steel, aluminium, copper or titanium were used in studies as well [211]. Figure 11a,b shows two different carbon fabric types used for GDLs, carbon paper (non-woven carbon fibers) and woven carbon [214][215][216]. It also highlights different material properties, which are, in general, anisotropic for both types.…”

Section: Porous Media Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electron transport in porous media can be described with ohm's law and effective media theory i = −σ e f f ∇φ [217], where σ e f f = σ solid (1 − ) with σ solid as electrical conductivity of the solid and the porosity of the porous media [242]. Recently, many studies have been conducted on investigations of electrical conductivity/resistivity and contact resistance of GDLs, CCMs and bipolar plates [214,218,[242][243][244][245][246][247]. Figure 13 shows the four-point probe (4PP) arrangements of TP and IP conductivity measurements [247].…”

Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling Methods and Validation Techniques for CFD Simulations of PEM Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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The large-scale adoption of fuel cells system for sustainable power generation will require the combined use of both multidimensional models and of dedicated testing techniques, in order to evolve the current technology beyond its present status. This requires an unprecedented understanding of concurrent and interacting fluid dynamics, material and electrochemical processes. In this review article, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are analysed. In the first part, the most common approaches for multi-phase/multi-physics modelling are presented in their governing equations, inherent limitations and accurate materials characterisation for diffusion layers, membrane and catalyst layers. This provides a thorough overview of key aspects to be included in multidimensional CFD models. In the second part, advanced diagnostic techniques are surveyed, indicating testing practices to accurately characterise the cell operation. These can be used to validate models, complementing the conventional observation of the current–voltage curve with key operating parameters, thus defining a joint modelling/testing environment. The two sections complement each other in portraying a unified framework of interrelated physical/chemical processes, laying the foundation of a robust and complete understanding of PEMFC. This is needed to advance the current technology and to consciously use the ever-growing availability of computational resources in the next future.

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Section: Porous Media Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Methods and Validation Techniques for CFD Simulations of PEM Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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“…The upper part of the electrode has the dual function of diffusing gases to homogenize the concentration of reactants in the active layer and of conducting electrons [32]. For this reason, it is made of carbon fabric (≅ 100 μm) made partially hydrophobic by impregnation with Teflon.…”

Section: The Gas Diffusion Layer (Gdl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Road Vehicles: State of the Art and Perspectives

Béthoux

2020

Energies

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Driven by a small number of niche markets and several decades of application research, fuel cell systems (FCS) are gradually reaching maturity, to the point where many players are questioning the interest and intensity of its deployment in the transport sector in general. This article aims to shed light on this debate from the road transport perspective. It focuses on the description of the fuel cell vehicle (FCV) in order to understand its assets, limitations and current paths of progress. These vehicles are basically hybrid systems combining a fuel cell and a lithium-ion battery, and different architectures are emerging among manufacturers, who adopt very different levels of hybridization. The main opportunity of Fuel Cell Vehicles is clearly their design versatility based on the decoupling of the choice of the number of Fuel Cell modules and hydrogen tanks. This enables manufacturers to meet various specifications using standard products. Upcoming developments will be in line with the crucial advantage of Fuel Cell Vehicles: intensive use in terms of driving range and load capacity. Over the next few decades, long-distance heavy-duty vehicles and fleets of taxis or delivery vehicles will develop based on range extender or mild hybrid architectures and enable the hydrogen sector to mature the technology from niche markets to a large-scale market.

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“… 5 Mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties are influenced by the carbon fiber layer. 6 The MPL provides a substrate for catalyst deposition and protects the membrane from being damaged or compromised by carbon fibers in the base layer. 7 The mass transport characteristics of the GDL have a significant effect on the overall efficiency and performance of a range of electrochemical systems, including gas-phase electrolysis, fuel cells, and battery air cathodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Electrode Support Structure on Electrode Microstructure, Transport Properties, and Gas Diffusion within the Gas Diffusion Layer

et al. 2022

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The effects of gas diffusion layer (GDL) and electrode microstructure, which influence the catalyst layer and catalyst–membrane interface on the performance of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for gas-phase electrolysis and the separation of CO 2 were experimentally characterized. Several types of GDL materials, with and without a microporous layer (MPL), were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The diffusion of reactants through the GDL materials was measured to determine the effects on the microstructure and chemical properties on mass transport. The effects on the GDL structure and chemistry were determined through evaluation of Pt–IrO 2 MEAs with different GDL materials using constant-current measurements. Increasing the thickness of the MPL and hydrophobicity within the GDL assist with retaining water within the membrane and catalyst layers, which results in greater performance at high current densities.

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Characterization of Effective In-Plane Electrical Resistivity of a Gas Diffusion Layer in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells through Freeze–Thaw Thermal Cycles

Cited by 14 publications

References 52 publications

Modelling Methods and Validation Techniques for CFD Simulations of PEM Fuel Cells

Modelling Methods and Validation Techniques for CFD Simulations of PEM Fuel Cells

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Road Vehicles: State of the Art and Perspectives

Effects of Electrode Support Structure on Electrode Microstructure, Transport Properties, and Gas Diffusion within the Gas Diffusion Layer

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