Characterization of geothermal scale deposits by Fe-57 mössbauer spectroscopy and complementary x-ray diffraction and infra-red studies

Gallup, Darrell L.; Reiff, W. M.

doi:10.1016/0375-6505(91)90033-r

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These analyses correspond well to previously published analyses (Gallup and Reiff 1991). S-1 contains Vol.…”

Section: Chemical Analysessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The spectrum for S-1 is similar to those published for natural hisingerites (MacKenzie and Berezowski 1980, Kohyama and Sudo 1975, Shayan 1984, and resembles that for nontronite, which confirms our XRD interpretation regarding the mineralogical nature of the Fe-rich scale precipitated at high temperature. The strong band at 1010-1030 cm -1 observed in S-1 deserves special attention because its position has been explained previously by the existence Si-O-Fe bonds in Fe-Si hydrous oxides and silicates (Schwertmann and Thalmann 1976, Carlson and Schwertmann 1981, Vempati and Loeppert 1989, Gallup and Reiff 1991. The hisingerite spectrum differs from nontronite by the absence of libration OH bands near 800 cm-1 or their very weak absorbance when present (Kohyama and Sudo 1975).…”

Section: Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Until methods (acidification or crystallization-reaction clarification) were developed to inhibit the formation of these unusual scales, continuous operation of production facilities was drastically hindered. Characterization of the poorly-crystalline, iron-rich silica scale deposits was required to understand the deposition mechanism and to develop techniques to avoid their deposition (Gallup 1989, Gallup andReiff 1991). These initial studies, using spectroscopic techniques suggested that iron in the scales deposited at high temperature was primarily present in the ferric oxidation state and that the iron silicate phase resembled hisingerite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystal Chemistry of Hydrous Iron Silicate Scale Deposits at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field

Manceau

1995

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--The crystal chemistry of Fe-Si scales deposited from geothermal brines at Salton Sea, California, was studied by powder X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques including infrared, 5VFe M6ssbauer, 27A1 and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fe and Si K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Scales precipitated at near 250~ from dissolved ferrous iron and silicic acid are composed of hisingerite. This phase is shown to possess the same local structure as nontronite and is a poorly-crystallized precursor of the ferric smectite. A clear distinction can be made at the local scale between hisingerite and 2-line ferrihydrite because, even in their most disordered states, the former possesses a two-dimensional and the latter a three-dimensional anionic framework. At temperature near 100*C Fe-Si scales are a mix of Al-containing opal and hydrous ferrous silicate, whose local structure resembles minnesotaite and greenalite. This hydrous ferrous silicate is very well ordered at the local scale with an average Fe coordination about Fe atoms of 6 +_ 1. The difference in crystallinity between the ferrous and ferric silicate scales was related to variations of growth rates of clay particles precipitated from ferrous and ferric salt solutions. The low crystallinity of the ferric smectite suggests that the oxidation of ferrous iron occurs before polymerization with silica.

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“…These analyses correspond well to previously published analyses (Gallup and Reiff 1991). S-1 contains Vol.…”

Section: Chemical Analysessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystal Chemistry of Hydrous Iron Silicate Scale Deposits at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field

Manceau

1995

Clays and clay miner.

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“…This assignment is due to the observed value of the coercivity field H c (=330 KOe) and the width of the two outside peaks at −5 and +5 mm/s 25 . The second phase is Fe 2 O 3 26 . The percentage of α‐Fe 57 and of Fe 2 O 3 is 88% and 12%, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Nanocontainers

Tapeinos

Kartsonakis

Liatsi

et al. 2008

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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Magnetic hollow spheres were synthesized through a two‐step process and were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, super quantum interference device, vibrating sample magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy methods. First, polystyrene spheres (PS) were produced using emulsion polymerization. Second, the PS spheres were coated via the sol–gel method to form an iron oxide layer. The size of the PS spheres was controlled by the concentration of the monomer (styrene), the initiator (potassium persulfate), and the emulsifier (sodium dodecylsulfate). The sol–gel coatings were prepared by controlled hydrolysis of aqueous solutions of FeCl3 in the presence of PS latex, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and hydrochloric acid. The composite was treated in air to burn off the PS latex. Temperature treatments were optimized after extensive differential thermal analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis characterization of the samples. Treatments under hydrogen atmosphere at various temperatures gave control over the formation and extend of magnetic phases in the nanocontainers such as a Fe, hematite (Fe2O3), and magnetite (Fe3O4). The size of the containers ranged between 300 and 400 nm.

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“…The A a and A E values of synthetic amor phous iron (III) silicates (coprecipitates with iron (III) hydroxide and silicic acid) ranged widely from 0.3 to 0.4 mm/s and from 0.4 to 1.0 mm/s, respectively (Yoshio et al, 1981 andDecarreau et al, 1987). Gallup (1989 and1991) reported the formation of amorphous iron (III) silicates from Salton Sea geothermal brine. The spectrum (b) (F-2) shows that quadrupole pair of ferrous ions (A8=1.1 mm/s, AE=2.6 mm/s) is superposed on that of ferric ions (A8=0.25 mm/s, A E= 0.78 mm/s) in an amorphous iron (III) silicate.…”

Section: State Of Iron and Aiuminium In Siliceous Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Siliceous deposits formed from geothermal water.I. The major constituents and the existing states of iron and aluminium.

et al. 1993

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JapanIn the deposition of siliceous material from geothermal water, a relationship between chemical com positions of geothermal waters and siliceous deposits was investigated. The results indicated that iron and aluminium were concentrated into these siliceous deposits. For the chemical state of the iron in the deposits, some oxides and oxyhydroxides, sulfide and amorphous iron silicate were identified by powder X-ray diffraction and "Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy. For the aluminium, two states were detected by 27A1 MAS NMR: 6-coordinate aluminium (such as aluminium hydroxide) and 4-coordinate aluminium substituting a Si atom site in the deposit. In some deposit samples, both 4 and 6-coordinate aluminium were detected, but in others only the former was found.

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Characterization of geothermal scale deposits by Fe-57 mössbauer spectroscopy and complementary x-ray diffraction and infra-red studies

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Crystal Chemistry of Hydrous Iron Silicate Scale Deposits at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field

Crystal Chemistry of Hydrous Iron Silicate Scale Deposits at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Nanocontainers

Siliceous deposits formed from geothermal water.I. The major constituents and the existing states of iron and aluminium.

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