Characterization of grain microstructure development in the aluminum alloy EN AW-6060 during extrusion

Kayser, Tobias; Klusemann, Benjamin; Lambers, H.-G.; Maier, Hans Jürgen; Svendsen, Bob

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2010.06.050

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Details on the materials can be found in [14,15]. The aluminium alloy AlMgSi0.5 has been widely used, especially in the automotive industry, as it enables extrusions of complex shapes due to good formative properties (i.e., high deformability) [16]. PLA have also been extensively used in various fields, from food packaging to interior design in the automotive industry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Strain Response Determination during Incremental Step Tests and Variable Loadings on Flat Specimens

2019

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For stress-strain response simulations and damage prediction of cyclically loaded mechanical components, it is crucial to determine both the stress-strain and durability curves of the materials sued. Round and flat specimens can be used for this purpose, either following standard recommendations for their geometry or by designing a special geometry which enables special requirements, such as initial cracks of various shapes, attachment of an extensometer, special grips for raised temperatures, and so on. However, especially in the case of flat specimens having a slender shape, buckling can occur before the stress or strain values reach a sufficient magnitude in compression. To avoid this, an anti-buckling support can be attached to the specimen, which prevents the occurrence of buckling. In turn, friction occurs between the specimen and the anti-buckling support, which affects the measurement of the stress. If a special sensor is attached under the anti-buckling support, the friction force can be measured and subtracted from the stress signal, leaving only the stress-strain response of the material under investigation. In this study, two materials were investigated during incremental step and variable loading tests: The aluminium alloy AlMgSi0.5 and a biodegradable polylactide.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Strain Response Determination during Incremental Step Tests and Variable Loadings on Flat Specimens

2019

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“…This occurred because the process arrest leaves the junction area for a much longer time in contact with the mold after being deformed. Thus, a recrystallization phenomenon was promoted, as testified by the loss of the extrusion deformation pattern of the grains [29]. Through optical microscopy, a metallographic analysis was performed on the tested samples.…”

Section: Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Quality Improvement of AA6060 Aluminum Extruded Components through Liquid Nitrogen Mold Cooling

Ciuffini

Barella

Cecca

et al. 2018

Metals

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6xxx aluminum alloys are suitable for the realization of both structural applications and architectural decorative elements, thanks to the combination of high corrosion resistance and good surface finish. In areas where the aesthetic aspects are fundamental, further improvements in surface quality are significant. The cooling of the extrusion mold via internal liquid nitrogen fluxes is emerging as an important innovation in aluminum extrusion. Nowadays, this innovation is providing a large-scale solution to obtain high quality surface finishes in extruded aluminum semi-finished products. These results are also coupled to a significant increase in productivity. The aim of the work is to compare the surface quality of both cooled liquid nitrogen molds and classically extruded products. In this work, adhesion phenomena, occurring during the extrusion between the mold and the flowing material, have been detected as the main causes of the presence of surface defects. The analysis also highlighted a strong increase in the surface quality whenever the extrusion mold was cooled with liquid nitrogen fluxes. This improvement has further been confirmed by an analysis performed on the finished products, after painting and chromium plating. This work on the AA6060 alloy has moreover proceeded to roughness measurements and metallographic analyses, to investigate the eventual occurrence of other possible benefits stemming from this new extrusion mold cooling technology.

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“…Microhardness inhomogeneities were observed in other papers devoted to ECAP [56] and extrusion. [57] It is caused by the 'dead zone' close to the bottom surface in ECAP, which occurs when the billet is no longer in contact with the die wall. Despite the homogenization of the microstructure, even after eight passes of ECAP the microhardness was not at the same level throughout the billet [56] and for large imposed strain, the lower values of microhardness in the bottom surface remain adjacent, as in References 58 and 59.…”

Section: B Improvement In Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine-Grained Plates of Al-Mg-Si Alloy Obtained by Incremental Equal Channel Angular Pressing: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Lipińska

Chromiński

Olejnik

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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In this study, an Al-Mg-Si alloy was processed using via incremental equal channel angular pressing (I-ECAP) in order to obtain homogenous, ultrafine-grained plates with low anisotropy of the mechanical properties. This was the first attempt to process an Al-Mg-Si alloy using this technique. Samples in the form of 3 mm-thick square plates were subjected to I-ECAP with the 90 deg rotation around the axis normal to the surface of the plate between passes. Samples were investigated first in their initial state, then after a single pass of I-ECAP, and finally after four such passes. Analyses of the microstructure and mechanical properties demonstrated that the I-ECAP method can be successfully applied in Al-Mg-Si alloys. The average grain size decreased from 15 to 19 lm in the initial state to below 1 lm after four I-ECAP passes. The fraction of high-angle grain boundaries in the sample subjected to four I-ECAP passes lay within 53 to 57 pct depending on the examined plane. The mechanism of grain refinement in Al-Mg-Si alloy was found to be distinctly different from that in pure aluminum with the grain rotation being more prominent than the grain subdivision, which was attributed to lower stacking fault energy and the reduced mobility of dislocations in the alloy. The ultimate tensile strength increased more than twice, whereas the yield strength was more than threefold. Additionally, the plates processed by I-ECAP exhibited low anisotropy of mechanical properties (in plane and across the thickness) in comparison to other SPD processing methods, which makes them attractive for further processing and applications.

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Characterization of grain microstructure development in the aluminum alloy EN AW-6060 during extrusion

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Stress-Strain Response Determination during Incremental Step Tests and Variable Loadings on Flat Specimens

Stress-Strain Response Determination during Incremental Step Tests and Variable Loadings on Flat Specimens

Surface Quality Improvement of AA6060 Aluminum Extruded Components through Liquid Nitrogen Mold Cooling

Ultrafine-Grained Plates of Al-Mg-Si Alloy Obtained by Incremental Equal Channel Angular Pressing: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

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