“…5‐HT significantly increased contraction frequency of ureter peristalsis in anaesthetized pigs after intravenous administration in a dose‐dependent manner (Figure 2A). In accordance with our work on the ureteral smooth muscle, stimulating effects of 5‐HT in several in vitro studies on specimens from dogs (Dodel et al ., 1996), man (Dodel et al ., 1996; Kuwahara, 1983; Long & Nergardh, 1978; Gidener et al ., 1995; 1999; Iselin et al ., 1997) and guinea‐pigs (Benzi et al ., 1970) have been shown, and in vivo studies in dog ureters (Abrahams & Pickford, 1956; Catacutan‐Labay et al ., 1966; Boatman et al ., 1967) also support our findings. The contractile response has been shown to be biphasic in dogs (Mazzella & Schroeder, 1960) but this was not observed in the present experiments in pigs, as can be seen in Figure 1.…”