Characterization of Inclusions in 3rd Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels

Nabeel, Muhammad; Alba, Michelia; Karasev, Andrey; Jönsson, Pär G.; Dogan, Neslihan

doi:10.1007/s11663-019-01605-0

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This indicates that AlN and MnS coprecipitation took place according to both possible scenarios. The contradiction to the authors’ previous report is due to the difference in the cooling rates adopted in both studies. In the previous study, the samples were cooled at a rate of 10 °C min −1 , which enabled AlN inclusions to grow before MnS precipitation started, whereas in this study, the cooling rate of samples is estimated to be greater than 20 °C s −1 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…They observed AlN inclusions present in liquid steel using a confocal scanning laser microscope and suggested that AlN inclusions can act as a site for heterogeneous nucleation of MnS (Scenario 2). Moreover, recently the current authors have also shown MnS precipitation on AlN inclusions in steel samples (cooled at 10 °C min −1 ) having compositions very similar to that of 233 and 533 steel in this study. This observation is supported by thermodynamic calculations that the AlN formation temperature ( T AlN ) is higher than MnS precipitation temperature ( T MnS ); hence, AlN forms first and acts as a MnS nucleation site.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…During solidification, the driving force for the formation of AlN increases due to the enrichment of Al and N at the solidification front. The concentration of [%Al] and [%N] in the liquid phase at the solidifying front and solid fraction (

g_{normals}

) can be calculated using the Scheil equation . The equations for [%Al] and [%N] are given in Equation and .

[% Al] = {[% Al]}_{0} {(1 - g_{normals})}^{(k_{Al} - 1)}

[% N] = \frac{{false[% normalN false]}_{0}}{k_{normalN} + (1 - k_{normalN}) (1 - g_{normals})}

where [%Al] 0 and [%N] 0 are the initial weight percentages of solute Al and N in liquid steel, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The graphite rod was purchased from McMaster Carr. The experimental set‐up is schematically shown in Figure . A resistance‐heated vertical tube furnace was used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Investigation of Inclusion Formation in Light‐Weight Fe–Mn–Al Steels using Automated Scanning Electron Microscope Equipped with Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy

Alba

Nabeel

Dogan

2019

steel research int.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herein, the effect of Mn content on the characteristics and the formation of inclusions in light‐weight Fe–Mn–Al steels is investigated. Three laboratory‐produced steels, containing different manganese contents (2%, 5%, and 20%) are investigated. 2D and 3D inclusion characterization methods are used to establish inclusion classification rules for oxide, sulfide, and nitride inclusions using an automated scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) (ASPEX system). The observed inclusions are classified into Al2O3(pure), Al2O3–MnS, AlN(pure), AlN–MnS, AlON–MnS, AlON, and MnS. The results show that an increased Mn content of steel increases the number of inclusions, especially Al2O3–MnS and AlN–MnS inclusions. In the case of Al2O3–MnS inclusions, Al2O3 inclusions serve as the site for precipitation of MnS. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that the AlN‐containing inclusions formed during cooling and solidification of steels. Moreover, the formation of AlN–MnS inclusions can take place by the nucleation of MnS on AlN inclusions and vice versa.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

g_{normals}

) can be calculated using the Scheil equation . The equations for [%Al] and [%N] are given in Equation and .

[% Al] = {[% Al]}_{0} {(1 - g_{normals})}^{(k_{Al} - 1)}

[% N] = \frac{{false[% normalN false]}_{0}}{k_{normalN} + (1 - k_{normalN}) (1 - g_{normals})}

where [%Al] 0 and [%N] 0 are the initial weight percentages of solute Al and N in liquid steel, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The graphite rod was purchased from McMaster Carr. The experimental set‐up is schematically shown in Figure . A resistance‐heated vertical tube furnace was used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Investigation of Inclusion Formation in Light‐Weight Fe–Mn–Al Steels using Automated Scanning Electron Microscope Equipped with Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy

Alba

Nabeel

Dogan

2019

steel research int.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Tailoring Nonmetallic Inclusions in 42CrMo4 as a Preparative Tool for Active and Reactive Steel Melt Filtration

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Comparison of Nonmetallic Inclusion Characteristics in Metal Samples Using 2D and 3D Methods

Wang

Karasev

Jönsson

2020

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The characteristics of different shapes of nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs) are determined using different methods. In this respect, various shapes of NMIs, including spherical, octahedral, elongated, bar‐like, plate‐like, polyhedral, and irregular inclusions, are observed in different steels and ferroalloys. The inclusions are investigated using three methods: 1) 2D investigations on a polished cross section (2D method); 2) 3D investigations on a film filter after electrolytic extraction and filtration (EE method); and 3) 3D investigations on a metal surface after electrolytic extraction (MS method). In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy‐dispersive spectrometer (EDS) is used for the determination of the chemical composition of inclusions. The advantages and limitations of different methods for investigations of different shaped inclusions are discussed. The results show that the 2D method is less precise to detect the morphology, size, and number of inclusions; however, the EE and MS methods are used to determine a more accurate morphology. Furthermore, the MS method is found to be more advantageous in detecting large‐sized inclusions. This study also shows that the results on both the film filter and metal surface should be grouped together to obtain more comprehensive information of the inclusion characteristics.

show abstract

Characterization of Inclusions in 3rd Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Investigation of Inclusion Formation in Light‐Weight Fe–Mn–Al Steels using Automated Scanning Electron Microscope Equipped with Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy

Investigation of Inclusion Formation in Light‐Weight Fe–Mn–Al Steels using Automated Scanning Electron Microscope Equipped with Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy

Tailoring Nonmetallic Inclusions in 42CrMo4 as a Preparative Tool for Active and Reactive Steel Melt Filtration

Comparison of Nonmetallic Inclusion Characteristics in Metal Samples Using 2D and 3D Methods

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About