Investigation of Inclusion Formation in Light‐Weight Fe–Mn–Al Steels using Automated Scanning Electron Microscope Equipped with Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy

Alba, Michelia; Nabeel, Muhammad; Dogan, Neslihan

doi:10.1002/srin.201900477

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There has been thorough research on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AHSS [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], while knowledge related to non-metallic inclusions in AHSS is still limited. Previous studies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] on non-metallic inclusions have identified the primary type of inclusions as MnS, Al 2 O 3 , and AlN. The presence of Al 2 O 3 -MnO is also reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of Al and N Content and Cooling Rate on the Characteristics of Complex MnS Inclusions in AHSS

2020

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This study focused on the characteristics of complex MnS inclusions in advanced high strength steels. The effect of metal chemistry (Al and N) and the cooling rate of steel were evaluated by analyzing the inclusions present in five laboratory produced steels. The observed complex MnS inclusions contained Al2O3-MnS, AlN-MnS, and AlON-MnS. An increase in Al content from 0.5% to 6% increased the number of complex MnS inclusions by ~4 times. In comparison, a decrease of ~80% was observed due to the increased N content of steel from <10 ppm to ~50 ppm. MnS precipitation ratio was used to determine the potency of different inclusions forming complex MnS inclusions due to heterogeneous nucleation. It was found that the MnS precipitation ratio of the observed inclusions was related to their misfit with MnS, and it decreased in the order of AlN > AlON > Al2O3. Moreover, it was determined that AlN particles could be easily engulfed at the solidification front relative to Al2O3, which resulted in a higher MnS precipitation ratio for Al2O3 under slow cooling conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of Al and N Content and Cooling Rate on the Characteristics of Complex MnS Inclusions in AHSS

2020

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“…The 'Other' class contained complex oxide inclusions besides the aforementioned classes. The details of the inclusion classification were described elsewhere [14].…”

Section: Plate-like Angular Needle Agglomerate Irregularmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solid fraction (g s ) values at which AlN would start to form for the S1 compositions were calculated by adopting the Scheil equation [18,29,30]. The detailed procedure for this calculation was given elsewhere [14,18]. According to the estimates, the g s values for S1 samples should be higher than 0.11 (based on 10 ppm N), and they could be as high as 0.71 assuming 2 ppm N content.…”

Section: Thermodynamics Of Aln Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, the influence of the alloying elements on the formation of inclusions in the medium manganese steel is not well known [5,8]. The authors [14,15] investigated the effect of Mn and Al contents in liquid steel on the formation of inclusions. They found that with an increase in the Mn content, the number of inclusions increased, particularly AlN and MnS inclusions [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors [14,15] investigated the effect of Mn and Al contents in liquid steel on the formation of inclusions. They found that with an increase in the Mn content, the number of inclusions increased, particularly AlN and MnS inclusions [14]. It was justified by the fact that manganese content can increase the solubility of nitrogen in the steel [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Nitrogen Content on the Formation of Inclusions in Fe-5Mn-3Al Steels

2020

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The effect of N content on the characteristics and formation of inclusions in the Fe-5Mn-3Al steels was investigated in this study. Two synthetic steel melts were produced by two different methods—N2 gas purging and injecting—to introduce nitrogen into the melt. The N content of steel melt varied from 2 to 54 ppm. An increase in the N content to 47 ppm (for 533N-P) and 58 ppm (for 533N-I) increased the total amount of inclusions from 13 to 64 mm−2 and from 21 to 101 mm−2, respectively. The observed inclusions were Al2O3(pure), Al2O3-MnS, AlN(pure), AlN-MnS, AlON, AlON-MnS, and MnS. When the N content was less than 10 ppm, AlN-MnS inclusions were the primary type of inclusions and they formed as solidification products. With an increase in the N content, AlN(pure) inclusions became the dominant type of inclusions as AlN was stable in the liquid steel. These findings were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations. The influence of cooling rate on the types of inclusions was studied and a higher number of AlN-MnS inclusions were observed in samples with slow cooling rate.

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An In Situ Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Void Formation Induced by Typical Inclusions in Low‐Density Steel during Tensile Deformation

Guo

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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Herein, the void nucleation induced by typical inclusions in low‐density steel is observed using a scanning electron microscope during the in situ tensile deformations, and the void nucleation mechanism is clarified based on the numerical simulation. The dislocation accumulation and stress concentration are observed around single AlN, MnS, AlN–MnS, aggregated AlN, and aggregated AlN–MnS inclusions. The nucleation and development of the void are through the inclusion cracking or inclusion interface debonding. During the tensile process, the cracking of single AlN and debonding of MnS/matrix induce the void nucleation. For AlN–MnS, the debonding of the internal AlN/MnS interface or external MnS/matrix interface can both induce void formation, which is associated with the relative dimensions of AlN and MnS. Aggregated AlN and aggregated AlN–MnS are suggested to be more harmful to low‐density steel. The void nucleation in aggregated AlN and aggregated AlN–MnS is, respectively, owing to the debonding of the AlN/matrix interface or AlN/MnS interface.

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Investigation of Inclusion Formation in Light‐Weight Fe–Mn–Al Steels using Automated Scanning Electron Microscope Equipped with Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of Al and N Content and Cooling Rate on the Characteristics of Complex MnS Inclusions in AHSS

Influence of Al and N Content and Cooling Rate on the Characteristics of Complex MnS Inclusions in AHSS

Effect of Nitrogen Content on the Formation of Inclusions in Fe-5Mn-3Al Steels

An In Situ Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Void Formation Induced by Typical Inclusions in Low‐Density Steel during Tensile Deformation

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