Characterization of lead in US workplaces using data from OSHA's integrated management information system

Henn, Scott A.; Sussell, Aaron; Li, Jia; Shire, Jeffrey; Alarcon, Walter A.; Tak, Sangwoo

doi:10.1002/ajim.20926

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The striking differences between studies may reflect gender differences in exposure. For instance, common lead-exposed jobs, such as construction-work (Henn, et al, 2011), were not commonly reported by the women in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Calibrating a population-based job-exposure matrix using inspection measurements to estimate historical occupational exposure to lead for a population-based cohort in Shanghai, China

Koh

Bhatti

Coble

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The epidemiologic evidence for the carcinogenicity of lead is inconsistent and requires improved exposure assessment to estimate risk. We evaluated historical occupational lead exposure for a population-based cohort of women (n=74,942) by calibrating a job-exposure matrix (JEM) with lead fume (n=20,084) and lead dust (n=5,383) measurements collected over four decades in Shanghai, China. Using mixed-effect models, we calibrated intensity JEM ratings to the measurements using fixed-effects terms for year and JEM rating. We developed job/industry-specific estimates from the random-effects terms for job and industry. The model estimates were applied to subjects’ jobs when the JEM probability rating was high for either job or industry; remaining jobs were considered unexposed. The models predicted that exposure increased monotonically with JEM intensity rating and decreased 20–50-fold over time. The cumulative calibrated JEM estimates and job/industry-specific estimates were highly correlated (Pearson correlation=0.79–0.84). Overall, 5% of the person-years and 8% of the women were exposed to lead fume; 2% of the person-years and 4% of the women were exposed to lead dust. The most common lead-exposed jobs were manufacturing electronic equipment. These historical lead estimates should enhance our ability to detect associations between lead exposure and cancer risk in future epidemiologic analyses.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Calibrating a population-based job-exposure matrix using inspection measurements to estimate historical occupational exposure to lead for a population-based cohort in Shanghai, China

Koh

Bhatti

Coble

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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show abstract

“…We found differences in exposure trends over time within industry, indicating that not all industries are benefiting equally from OSHA noise regulations. The manufacturing industry represented a large percentage of measurements (86.6%), which has also been observed in a study of IMIS exposure data for lead 33. Given the decreasing number of workers in this industry over the time period assessed (1979–2013),34 these findings suggest that OSHA compliance efforts regarding noise exposure may not be adequately targeting other noisy industries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Patterns and trends in OSHA occupational noise exposure measurements from 1979 to 2013

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesNoise is one of the most common exposures, and occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is highly prevalent. In addition to NIHL, noise is linked to numerous non-auditory health effects. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) maintains the Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) database of compliance-related measurements performed in various industries across the USA. The goal of the current study was to describe and analyse personal noise measurements available through the OSHA IMIS, identifying industries with elevated personal noise levels or increasing trends in worker exposure over time.MethodsThrough a Freedom of Information Act request, we obtained OSHA’s noise measurements collected and stored in IMIS between 1979 and 2013 and analysed permissible exposure limit (PEL) and action level (AL) criteria measurements by two-digit industry code.ResultsThe manufacturing industry represented 87.8% of the 93 920 PEL measurements and 84.6% of the 58 073 AL measurements. The highest mean noise levels were found among the agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting industry for PEL (93.1 dBA) and the mining, quarrying and oil and gas extraction group for AL (93.3 dBA). Overall, measurements generally showed a decreasing trend in noise levels and exceedances of AL and PEL by year, although this was not true for all industries.ConclusionsOur results suggest that, despite reductions in noise over time, further noise control interventions are warranted both inside and outside of the manufacturing industry. Further reductions in occupational noise exposures across many industries are necessary to continue to reduce the risk of occupational NIHL.

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“…Epidemiological studies have reported higher frequency of infertility, stillbirths, miscarriages, spontaneous abortion and other neurological disorders in many lead-exposed occupational workers [35] . Exposure of lead to the cell or tissue may cause damage to the nervous system through various mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of Lead-Induced Neurotoxicity by Omega-3 Fatty Acid in Rats

Singh

Yadav

et al. 2017

Ann Neurosci

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Background: Lead is widely distributed in the environment and has been found to be associated with various health problems including neurodegenerative diseases. Purpose: In view of the increasing health risk caused by lead, this study has been carried out to investigate the neuroprotective effect of omega-3 fatty acid (omega-3FA) in lead-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Methods: Biochemical parameters including oxidative stress in brain regions, lead levels in blood and brain regions and histopathological examination of brain regions of rats were carried out in the present study. Results: Rats exposed to lead (lead acetate 7.5 mg/kg body weight p.o. for 14 days) caused a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, ROS production and decreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, respectively, as compared to controls. Abnormal histopathological changes and increase in the levels of lead in blood and brain were also observed as compared to controls. Co-treatment of lead with omega-3FA (750 mg/kg body weight p.o. for 14 days) decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, ROS production and increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase and showed protection in the histopathological study as compared to rats treated with lead alone. Conclusions: The result of the present study shows that lead-induced oxidative stress and histopathological alteration in the brain region were significantly protected with co-treatment of lead and omega-3FA. This could be due to its strong antioxidant potential and metal-binding property.

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Characterization of lead in US workplaces using data from OSHA's integrated management information system

Abstract: Lead concentrations within construction have been higher than any other industry. Lead hazards have been most prevalent in the north and northeastern US. IMIS data can be useful as a surveillance tool and for targeting prevention efforts toward hazardous industries.

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Calibrating a population-based job-exposure matrix using inspection measurements to estimate historical occupational exposure to lead for a population-based cohort in Shanghai, China

Calibrating a population-based job-exposure matrix using inspection measurements to estimate historical occupational exposure to lead for a population-based cohort in Shanghai, China

Patterns and trends in OSHA occupational noise exposure measurements from 1979 to 2013

Attenuation of Lead-Induced Neurotoxicity by Omega-3 Fatty Acid in Rats

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