Characterization of long-haul 112Gbit/s PDM-QAM-16 transmission with and without digital nonlinearity compensation

Makovejs, Sergejs; Millar, David S.; Lavery, Domaniç; Behrens, Carsten; Killey, Robert I.; Savory, Seb J.; Bayvel, Polina

doi:10.1364/oe.18.012939

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For instance this gain reduces to 2 dB if 1 step/fiber digital backpropagation is used [19]. For the dispersion unmanaged links, an improvement of 3 dB for PDM 16-QAM signal has been shown experimentally [20]. As a rule of thumb, we may conclude that for dispersion unmanaged system digital backpropagation offers better performance, while for dispersion managed systems, depending on the implementation of digital backpropagation, the performance of the EM and digital backpropagation may be comparable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nonlinear impairment compensation using expectation maximization for dispersion managed and unmanaged PDM 16-QAM transmission

Zibar¹,

Winther²,

Franceschi³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

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Abstract:In this paper, we show numerically and experimentally that expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is a powerful tool in combating system impairments such as fibre nonlinearities, inphase and quadrature (I/Q) modulator imperfections and laser linewidth. The EM algorithm is an iterative algorithm that can be used to compensate for the impairments which have an imprint on a signal constellation, i.e. rotation and distortion of the constellation points. The EM is especially effective for combating non-linear phase noise (NLPN). It is because NLPN severely distorts the signal constellation and this can be tracked by the EM. The gain in the nonlinear system tolerance for the system under consideration is shown to be dependent on the transmission scenario. We show experimentally that for a dispersion managed polarization multiplexed 16-QAM system at 14 Gbaud a gain in the nonlinear system tolerance of up to 3 dB can be obtained. For, a dispersion unmanaged system this gain reduces to 0.5 dB.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nonlinear impairment compensation using expectation maximization for dispersion managed and unmanaged PDM 16-QAM transmission

Zibar¹,

Winther²,

Franceschi³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

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“…The driving signals for the IQ modulators were generated by field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) providing real time coding and bit mapping [16,17]. The transmitted data is a de Bruijn binary sequence of length 2 15 . A de-correlated polarization multiplexing stage was used to generate the 28 Gbaud PM 16QAM data signal.…”

Section: Transmitter (Single-channel)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the complexity of DBP is currently exorbitant, due to significantly high number of processing steps required in such calculations. Simplified DBP algorithms have been proposed [12][13][14] and investigated for a 14 Gbaud PM-16QAM experimental transmissions [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization multiplexed 16QAM transmission employing modified digital back-propagation

Rafique¹,

Mussolin²,

Mårtensson³

et al. 2011

Opt. Express

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We experimentally demonstrate performance enhancements enabled by weighted digital back propagation method for 28 Gbaud PM-16QAM transmission systems, over a 250 km ultra-large area fibre, using only one back-propagation step for the entire link, enabling up to 3 dB improvement in power tolerance with respect to linear compensation only. We observe that this is roughly the same improvement that can be obtained with the conventional, computationally heavy, non-weighted digital back propagation compensation with one step per span. As a further benchmark, we analyze performance improvement as a function of number of steps, and show that the performance improvement saturates at approximately 20 steps per span, at which a 5 dB improvement in power tolerance is obtained with respect to linear compensation only. Furthermore, we show that coarse-step self-phase modulation compensation is inefficient in wavelength division multiplexed transmission.

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“…Recently, multilevel quadratic amplitude modulation (QAM) has been applied as a promising technology to meet the growing requirement on the spectral efficiency [1]. However, in QAM system, higher launch power is required to obtain increased signalto-noise ratio (SNR), resulting in more notable fiber nonlinear impairments [2]. Nonlinear phase noise (NLPN) is one of the major distortion factors, which is caused by the interaction between the signal and the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise from inline optical amplifiers via fiber Kerr nonlinearity [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonparameter Nonlinear Phase Noise Mitigation by Using M-ary Support Vector Machine for Coherent Optical Systems

et al. 2013

IEEE Photonics J.

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The M-ary support vector machine (SVM) is introduced as a nonparameter nonlinear phase noise (NLPN) mitigation approach for the coherent optical systems. The NLPN tolerance of the system can be improved by using the M-ary SVM to conduct nonlinear detection. In this scheme, SVMs with different classification strategies are utilized to execute binary classification for signals impaired by fiber NLPN. Since the separating hyperplane of each SVM is constructed by training data, this scheme is independent from the knowledge of the transmission link. In numerical simulation, the M-ary SVM performs better than the method of amplitude-dependent phase rotation at the transmitter and receiver, as well as the maximum likelihood detection with back rotation.Index Terms: Nonlinear phase noise, quadratic amplitude modulation (QAM), support vector machine (SVM), M-ary SVM.

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Characterization of long-haul 112Gbit/s PDM-QAM-16 transmission with and without digital nonlinearity compensation

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Nonlinear impairment compensation using expectation maximization for dispersion managed and unmanaged PDM 16-QAM transmission

Nonlinear impairment compensation using expectation maximization for dispersion managed and unmanaged PDM 16-QAM transmission

Polarization multiplexed 16QAM transmission employing modified digital back-propagation

Nonparameter Nonlinear Phase Noise Mitigation by Using M-ary Support Vector Machine for Coherent Optical Systems

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