Characterization of low adsorption filter membranes for electrophoresis and electrokinetic sample manipulations in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices

Casto, Laura D.; Schuster, Jennifer A; Neice, Claire D; Baker, Carol S.

doi:10.1039/c8ay01237g

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[29,30] As summarized in Figures S2 and S3 in the Supporting Information, the limit of detection (LOD) of R6G is as low as 10 −9 m, which is comparable to surface-enhanced Raman scattering [31] and better than the LOD obtained using other approaches, such as well-defined Ag nanocrystals in solution or microfluidic nanopillars. [34][35][36] Remarkably, the LOD of Nile Red was found to be 10 −12 m, possibly due to its higher partition coefficient compared to Nile Blue and R6G.…”

Section: Fluorescence Detection Of Model Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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One‐Step Nanoextraction and Ultrafast Microanalysis Based on Nanodroplet Formation in an Evaporating Ternary Liquid Microfilm

Qian

Yamada

Wei

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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in chemical analysis workflow is sample pretreatment to extract the analytes before detection. The recent development of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has stimulated progress for extracting and preconcentrating trace hydrophobic analytes from aqueous solutions both rapidly and efficiently. [4][5][6] DLLME is based on spontaneous emulsification upon mixing of a water-insoluble extractant, a dispersive solvent, and an analyte aqueous solution. [7,8] The hydrophobic analyte could be rapidly extracted into extractant nanodroplets because of the higher solubility of the analyte in the extractant than in water. The large surface area of nanodroplets enhances the transfer of the analyte from the surrounding solution to the droplets. Relying on the combination of DLLME and various detection techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry or fluorescence spectrometry, trace chemical analysis has been achieved for diverse applications. [9][10][11] However, these existing approaches require significant improvement due to their time-consuming nature, their requirement for specialized equipment in droplet separation and for large volumes of the analyte solution. [12,13] Many studies have focused on concentrating compounds from a single sessile drop evaporation. [14][15][16][17] A common issue comes from the coffee stain effect that leads to uncontrolled deposition of the analyte on the substrate rather than into a focused spot. Although an evaporating drop can shrink isotropically on superhydrophobic surfaces, micro/nanoscale structures on these surfaces can influence solute deposition, in particular at the final stage of evaporation when the drop size becomes comparable with the structures. [18] Supersensitive detection can be achieved for the materials deposited on highly ordered nanostructures on the substrate by using the plasmonic effect. [19] However, these nanostructures are difficult to fabricate for fast and high throughput analysis. Recent work on drop evaporation of ternary liquid mixtures shows advantageous features that may lead to unpinned drop for solute concentrating. [20,21] Selective evaporation of the volatile co-solvent (ethanol) in the mixture leads to oversaturation of oil and consequently spontaneously formation of tiny droplets. This phenomenon of Preconcentration is key for detection from an extremely low concentration solution, but requires separation steps from a large volume of samples using extracting solvents. Here, a simple approach is presented for ultrafast and sensitive microanalysis from a tiny volume of aqueous solutions. In this approach, liquid-liquid nanoextraction in an evaporating thin liquid film on a spinning substrate is coupled with quantitative analysis in one step. The approach is exemplified using a liquid mixture comprising a target compound to be analyzed in water, mixed with extractant oil and co-solvent ethanol. With rapid evaporation of ethanol, nanodroplets of oil form spontaneously in the film. The compounds are highly conce...

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Section: Fluorescence Detection Of Model Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Our low detection limit is comparable with the sensitivity of other advanced methods in the literature for this compound, such as stimulated Raman excited fluorescence spectroscopy, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and others. [34][35][36]…”

Section: Fluorescence Detection Of Model Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐Step Nanoextraction and Ultrafast Microanalysis Based on Nanodroplet Formation in an Evaporating Ternary Liquid Microfilm

Qian

Yamada

Wei

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Therefore, the samples must be effectively preconcentrated before the detection process [6]. Under an electric field, paper substrates can generate electrokinetic effects such as electroosmosis, which promote the electrokinetic stacking of charged samples [7,8]. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have used electrokinetic stacking on paper-based microfluidic chips for micro-sample preconcentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in paper‐based preconcentrators by utilizing ion concentration polarization

et al. 2021

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One of the most cited limitations of biochemical detection is its poor sensitivity, owing to the relatively high complexity of micro-samples. Moreover, some samples cannot be easily self-replicated and their abundance cannot be increased through traditional technologies. Therefore, the preconcentration of low-abundance samples is a key requirement for microfluidic biological analysis. In recent years, the ion-concentration polarization phenomenon has aroused widespread interest in the application of microfluidic technology. In addition, paper-based materials are readily available, easy to modify, and exhibit good hydrophilicity. The study of the ion-concentration polarization preconcentration of micro-samples in paper-based microfluidic chips is of considerable significance. In this review, we discuss the development and applications of ion-concentration polarization paper-based preconcentrator in the past 5 years, with emphasis on key progresses in chip fabrication and performance optimization under different conditions. The current needs and development prospects in this field have also been discussed.

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“…Trace bioanalyte labeling is routinely based on the use of an active fluorescence labeling reagent to irreversibly bind to a specific functional group on the target analyte . Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeling of amines and amino acids is a long-standing common example, − but a huge number of different reactive chemical and biochemical fluorescent labels for targeting a variety of functional groups have been developed. , Key parameters for rapid, high-sensitivity analysis using such a label include the kinetics of the reaction, the completeness of the labeling reaction, the extinction coefficient and quantum yield of the fluorophore label, the photostability of the fluorophore, and the elimination of the possible interference between the unbound labeling reagent and the detection of the labeled analyte. Since these are typically bimolecular labeling reactions, rapid kinetics and complete labeling conversion are often obtained by using an excess of the labeling reagent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Fluorescence Labeling of Trace Analytes: Application to Amino Acid Biosignature Detection with Pacific Blue

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Fluorescence labeling of biomolecules and fluorescence detection platforms provide a powerful approach to high-sensitivity bioanalysis. Reactive probes can be chosen to target specific functional groups to enable selective analysis of a chosen class of analytes. Particularly, when targeting trace levels of analytes, it is important to optimize the reaction chemistry to maximize the labeling efficiency and minimize the background. Here, we develop methods to optimize the labeling and detection of Pacific Blue (PB)-tagged amino acids. A model is developed to quantitate labeling kinetics and completeness in the circumstance where analyte labeling and reactive probe hydrolysis are in competition. The rates of PB hydrolysis and amino acid labeling are determined as a function of pH. Labeling kinetics and completeness as a function of PB concentration are found to depend on the ratio of the hydrolysis time to the initial labeling time, which depends on the initial PB concentration. Finally, the optimized labeling and detection conditions are used to perform capillary electrophoresis analysis demonstrating 100 pM sensitivities and high-efficiency separations of an 11 amino acid test set. This work provides a quantitative optimization model that is applicable to a variety of reactive probes and targets. Our approach is particularly useful for the analysis of trace amine and amino acid biosignatures in extraterrestrial samples. For illustration, our optimized conditions (reaction at 4 °C in a pH 8.5 buffer) are used to detect trace amino acid analytes at the 100 pM level in an Antarctic ice core sample.

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Characterization of low adsorption filter membranes for electrophoresis and electrokinetic sample manipulations in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices

Abstract: Low adsorption filter membrane materials facilitate effective zonal electrophoresis and electrokinetic gating in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs).

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

One‐Step Nanoextraction and Ultrafast Microanalysis Based on Nanodroplet Formation in an Evaporating Ternary Liquid Microfilm

One‐Step Nanoextraction and Ultrafast Microanalysis Based on Nanodroplet Formation in an Evaporating Ternary Liquid Microfilm

Recent advances in paper‐based preconcentrators by utilizing ion concentration polarization

Optimization of Fluorescence Labeling of Trace Analytes: Application to Amino Acid Biosignature Detection with Pacific Blue

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