Characterization of microbial communities distributed in the groundwater pumped from deep tube wells in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal

Tanaka, Yasuhiro; Nishida, Kei; Nakamura, Takashi; Chapagain, Saroj Kumar; Inoue, Daisuke; Sei, Kazunari; Mori, Koji; Sakamoto, Yasushi; Kazama, Futaba

doi:10.2166/wh.2011.086

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Interestingly, our sequence was 100% identical to bla OXA23-like partial sequences found recently by Tanaka et al . in groundwater samples coming from the Katmandu Valley of Nepal, showing presence of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter in different environments in the world [16]. These sequences are closely related to bla OXA134 gene from A. radioresistens (Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Carbapenem Resistance and Acinetobacter baumannii in Senegal: The Paradigm of a Common Phenomenon in Natural Reservoirs

et al. 2012

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Incidence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is rising in several parts of the world. In Africa, data concerning this species and its resistance to carbapenems are limited. The objective of the present study was to identify the presence of A. baumannii carbapenem-resistant encoding genes in natural reservoirs in Senegal, where antibiotic pressure is believed to be low. From October 2010 to January 2011, 354 human head lice, 717 human fecal samples and 118 animal fecal samples were screened for the presence of A. baumannii by real time PCR targeting bla OXA51-like gene. For all samples positive for A. baumannii , the carbapenemase-hydrolysing oxacillinases bla OXA23-like and bla OXA24-like were searched for and sequenced, and the isolates harbouring an oxacillinase were genotyped using PCR amplification and sequencing of rec A gene. The presence of A. baumannii was detected in 4.0% of the head lice, in 5.4% of the human stool samples and in 5.1% of the animal stool samples tested. No bla OXA24 gene was detected but six fecal samples and three lice were positive for bla OXA23-like gene. The bla OXA23-like gene isolated in lice was likely a new oxacillinase sequence. Finally, the A. baumannii detected in stools were all of rec A genotype 3 and those detected in lice, of rec A genotype 4. This study shows for the first time a reservoir of bla OXA23-like -positive gene in human head lice and stool samples in Senegal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Carbapenem Resistance and Acinetobacter baumannii in Senegal: The Paradigm of a Common Phenomenon in Natural Reservoirs

et al. 2012

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“…The recent emergence and spread of carbapenemase encoding genes in Gram-negative bacteria seems to have originated from bacterial species in water environments (Lupo et al, 2012). For example, partial OXA-23 like carbapenemase sequences have been detected in groundwater samples from the Katmandu Valley of Nepal (Tanaka et al, 2012) that were 100% similar to those of sequences found in human head lice from Senegal (Kempf et al, 2012), suggesting that arthropods may also be a source of antibiotic resistance genes in human pathogens. Recently, MDR E. coli and Klebsiella spp.…”

Section: The Environmental Resistomementioning

confidence: 94%

Antibiotics as selectors and accelerators of diversity in the mechanisms of resistance: from the resistome to genetic plasticity in the β-lactamases world

Galán¹,

Gónzález-Candelas²,

Rolain³

et al. 2013

Front. Microbio.

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Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance determinants, natural molecules closely related to bacterial physiology and consistent with an ancient origin, are not only present in antibiotic-producing bacteria. Throughput sequencing technologies have revealed an unexpected reservoir of antibiotic resistance in the environment. These data suggest that co-evolution between antibiotic and antibiotic resistance genes has occurred since the beginning of time. This evolutionary race has probably been slow because of highly regulated processes and low antibiotic concentrations. Therefore to understand this global problem, a new variable must be introduced, that the antibiotic resistance is a natural event, inherent to life. However, the industrial production of natural and synthetic antibiotics has dramatically accelerated this race, selecting some of the many resistance genes present in nature and contributing to their diversification. One of the best models available to understand the biological impact of selection and diversification are β-lactamases. They constitute the most widespread mechanism of resistance, at least among pathogenic bacteria, with more than 1000 enzymes identified in the literature. In the last years, there has been growing concern about the description, spread, and diversification of β-lactamases with carbapenemase activity and AmpC-type in plasmids. Phylogenies of these enzymes help the understanding of the evolutionary forces driving their selection. Moreover, understanding the adaptive potential of β-lactamases contribute to exploration the evolutionary antagonists trajectories through the design of more efficient synthetic molecules. In this review, we attempt to analyze the antibiotic resistance problem from intrinsic and environmental resistomes to the adaptive potential of resistance genes and the driving forces involved in their diversification, in order to provide a global perspective of the resistance problem.

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“…was also detected prevalently in the investigated samples. Previous studies employing clone library methods 17) and NGS 10) found that Acinetobacter is a dominant genus in various water sources in the Kathmandu Valley. Acinetobacter is an opportunistic bacterium capable of causing pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Pathogenic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria in Jar Water, Community Well Groundwater, and Environmental Water in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

大介

隼人

Malla

et al. 2018

Japanese J. Wat. Treat. Biol.

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Microbial contamination of water sources remains a serious problem in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. This study was conducted to comprehensively investigate the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in water samples collected from the valley, most of which were used for drinking and other domestic purposes. The water samples consisted of 10 samples of commercial jar water, 10 of groundwater from shallow dug wells, 3 of groundwater from deep tube wells, 1 of stone spout water, 2 of spring water, and 2 of river water. DNA microarray analysis targeting 941 different pathogenic bacterial species/groups showed the prevalence of Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Pseudomonas, and Legionella and the presence of biosafety level 3 pathogens in some samples, which were partially confirmed by genus-specific PCR quantification for Legionella and Brucella. Additionally, the occurrence of most pathogens detected via DNA microarray analysis was not correlated with that of fecal indicator bacteria (total coliforms and Escherichia coli). These results will aid in understanding the overall picture of pathogenic bacterial contamination and in screening important pathogens that should be investigated in detail.

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Characterization of microbial communities distributed in the groundwater pumped from deep tube wells in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal

Cited by 21 publications

References 59 publications

Carbapenem Resistance and Acinetobacter baumannii in Senegal: The Paradigm of a Common Phenomenon in Natural Reservoirs

Carbapenem Resistance and Acinetobacter baumannii in Senegal: The Paradigm of a Common Phenomenon in Natural Reservoirs

Antibiotics as selectors and accelerators of diversity in the mechanisms of resistance: from the resistome to genetic plasticity in the β-lactamases world

Comprehensive Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria in Jar Water, Community Well Groundwater, and Environmental Water in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

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