Characterization of microsatellite loci in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica

Brown,; Franklin,; Gaffney, Eamonn A.; Li, Hong; Dendanto,; Kornfield,

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01053-33.x

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…To assess genetic diversity within and between oyster cohorts and to examine the relationship between cohort diversity and genetic relatedness, we genotyped 44–54 individuals from each juvenile oyster cohort using 12 microsatellite loci developed for Crassostrea virginica (Cvi9, Cvi11, and Cvi13 from Brown et al. (); Cvi1i24b, Cvi2i23, Cvi2j24, and Cvi2k14 from Reece et al (); Cvi4313E‐VIMS from Carlsson and Reece (); and RUCV1, RUCV66, RUCV73, and RUCV74 from Wang and Guo ()). After grinding each sample with a pestle, we used the Omega Bio‐Tek E‐Z 96 Tissue DNA Kit to extract DNA from individual spat (Omega Bio‐Tek; Norcross, Georgia, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intraspecific diversity on survivorship, growth, and recruitment of the eastern oyster across sites

Hanley

Hughes

Williams

et al. 2016

Ecology

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Intraspecific diversity, particularly of foundation species, can significantly affect population, community, and ecosystem processes. Examining how genetic diversity relates to demographic traits provides a key mechanistic link from genotypic and phenotypic variation of taxa with complex life histories to their population dynamics. We conducted a field experiment to assess how two metrics of intraspecific diversity (cohort diversity, the number of independent juvenile cohorts created from different adult source populations, and genetic relatedness, genetic similarity among individuals within and across cohorts) affect the survivorship, growth, and recruitment of the foundation species Crassostrea virginica. To assess the effects of both cohort diversity and genetic relatedness on oyster demographic traits under different environmental conditions, we manipulated juvenile oyster diversity and predator exposure (presence/absence of a cage) at two sites differing in resource availability and predation intensity. Differences in predation pressure between sites overwhelmingly determined post-settlement survivorship of oysters. However, in the absence of predation (i.e., cage treatment), one or both metrics of intraspecific diversity, in addition to site, influenced long-term survivorship, growth, and recruitment. While both cohort diversity and genetic relatedness were negatively associated with long-term survivorship, genetic relatedness alone showed a positive association with growth and cohort diversity alone showed a positive association with recruitment. Thus, our results demonstrate that in the absence of predation, intraspecific diversity can affect multiple demographic traits of a foundation species, but the relative importance of these effects depends on the environmental context. Moreover, the magnitude and direction of these effects vary depending on the diversity metric, cohort diversity or genetic relatedness, suggesting that although they are inversely related in this system, each captures sufficiently different components of intraspecific diversity. Given the global loss of oyster reef habitat and rapid decline in oyster population size, our results are particularly relevant to management and restoration. In addition, aquaculture, which commonly excludes predators during early life history stages, may benefit from incorporation of oyster cohort diversity into standard practice.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intraspecific diversity on survivorship, growth, and recruitment of the eastern oyster across sites

Hanley

Hughes

Williams

et al. 2016

Ecology

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“…DNA extraction was carried out using DNeasy tissue kits (Qiagen, Mississauga, ON, Canada). Genetic variation was determined at the polymorphic microsatellite loci Cvi7, Cvi8, Cvi 9, Cvi12, Cvi13, Cvi14 and Cvi23 (Brown et al, 2000;Reece et al, 2004). Amplified fragments were separated by capillary electrophoresis using an ABI PRISM 310 automated genetic analyser (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and analysed with the Genescan and Genotyper software packages (Applied Biosystems).…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and biochemical traits correlate with differences in growth rate and temperature adaptation among groups of the eastern oysterCrassostrea virginica

Pernet¹,

Tremblay

Redjah

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYWe tested two hypotheses in this study: first, that intraspecific growth variations in a marine bivalve are correlated with physiological (basal metabolic rate and scope for growth) and biochemical (membrane lipids) characteristics, and, second, that this bivalve shows intraspecific variations in physiological and biochemical adaptations to temperature. To test these hypotheses, five genetically distinct groups of juvenile oysters Crassostrea virginica that showed differences in their growth rates were maintained in the laboratory (1) for further measurements of growth and standard metabolic rates and (2) subjected to acclimation at 4°C, 12°C and 20°C and further examined for scope for growth and determination of membrane lipid composition. Our results show that a lower basal metabolic rate and lower unsaturation index of membrane lipids coincides with higher growth rates and a higher scope for growth in oysters. We provide evidence that intraspecific differences in basal metabolic rate in oysters are related to membrane unsaturation as predicted by Hulbertʼs theory of membranes as metabolic pacemakers. Furthermore, our results suggest that the theory of membranes as metabolic pacemakers is related to intraspecific differences in growth. A perfect negative relationship was observed between the acclimation temperature and the unsaturation index of membrane lipids in oysters, as predicted by the homeoviscous adaptation theory. However, changes in the unsaturation index in response to temperature were mainly due to variations in the eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) fatty acid in fast-growing oysters, whereas slowgrowing animals changed both docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and 20:5n-3. Thus, the pattern of biochemical compensation in response to temperature in this species shows intraspecific variation.

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“…For example, shortly after 1998s huge floods in the Yangtze River, the fishing output from Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake suddenly increased though it decreased gradually for many years (Liao et al, 2002;Qian et al, 2002). Thirdly, the occurrence of null alleles may be one of the explanations for heterozygote deficits (Brown et al, 2000), as heterozygotes involving a null allele were detected as homozygotes. Expected frequencies of null alleles were calculated in all the eight loci with high values, and heterozygote deficits were significant in the present study.…”

Section: Genetic Differentiation Among Populations In Large Lakes Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of common carp from two largest Chinese lakes and the Yangtze River revealed by microsatellite markers

Liao

Tong

2006

Hydrobiologia

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Six polymorphic microsatellites (eight loci) were used to study the genetic diversity and population structure of common carp from Dongting Lake (DTC), Poyang Lake (PYC), and the Yangtze River (YZC) in China. The gene diversity was high among populations with values close to 1. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 11, and the average number of alleles among 3 populations ranged from 6.5 to 7.9. The mean observed (H O ) and expected (H E ) heterozygosity ranged from 0.4888 to 0.5162 and from 0.7679 to 0.7708, respectively. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium expectation were found at majority of the loci and in all three populations in which heterozygote deficits were apparent. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the percent of variance among populations and within populations were 3.03 and 96.97, respectively. The Fst values between populations indicated that there were significant genetic differentiations for the common carp populations from the Yangtze River and two largest Chinese freshwater lakes. The factors that may result in genetic divergence and significant reduction of the observed heterozygosity were discussed.

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Characterization of microsatellite loci in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of intraspecific diversity on survivorship, growth, and recruitment of the eastern oyster across sites

Effects of intraspecific diversity on survivorship, growth, and recruitment of the eastern oyster across sites

Physiological and biochemical traits correlate with differences in growth rate and temperature adaptation among groups of the eastern oysterCrassostrea virginica

Genetic diversity of common carp from two largest Chinese lakes and the Yangtze River revealed by microsatellite markers

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