Characterization of military fog oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Analyzing hydrocarbon fractions in crude oils by two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry under reversed-phase column system

“…It has been used in many researching works, such as roasted coffee beans [27], food flavor [19], middle-distillate samples [28], military smoke oil [29] and unresolved complex mixtures in petroleum [30]. Tran et al compared one-dimensional GC and GC Â GC using both the normal-phase and reversed-phase column systems, and concluded that the reversed-phase column system provides more information than the normal-phase column system [16].…”

Utilizing two-dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC ToFMS) to characterize volatile products from pyrolysis of living vegetation foliage

“…When coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), this technique will allow constituents of unresolved complex mixtures to take advantage of continuous full range nonskewed mass spectral information and fast acquisition rates. GCxGC has been successfully applied to a number of complex mixtures such as petroleum (Mao et al 2009;Kohl et al 2010), tobacco (Lu et al 2003), flavors (Bordiga et al 2009), fragrances (Shellie et al 2004), essential oils (Dimandja et al 2000), and metabolic (Welthagen et al 2005) profiling. These applications have shown that GCxGC is able to separate mixtures that contain up to 10,000 compounds (Dimandja 2004).…”

On retentivity tuning by flow in the second column of different comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatographic configurations

“…The separation on the 2 D column (typically 1-5 m in length, 0.1-0.2 mm ID and 0.1-1 m d f ) should be very fast (usually around 5 s or less). The higher is the orthogonality between the 1 D and 2 D columns, the better is the separation [4][5][6]. Columns may be placed in one or two independently heated ovens.…”

“…Separations in 1 D are commonly performed on conventional capillary columns (20-30 m in length, 0.2-0.5 mm ID and 0.2-0.5 m d f ) [3][4][5] although Kohl et al recently demonstrated that for GC × GC separation of very complex samples, long 1 D columns (e.g. 100 m) and operation at optimum flow conditions should be used [6]. The separation on the 2 D column (typically 1-5 m in length, 0.1-0.2 mm ID and 0.1-1 m d f ) should be very fast (usually around 5 s or less).…”