Characterization of multiferroic Bi 1−x Eu x FeO 3 powders prepared by sol-gel method

Bi1−xEuxFeO3 Powders: Synthesis, Characterization, Magnetic and Photoluminescence Properties

“…In the latter case, the particle size decreases from 78 nm for x = 0.10 to 56 nm for x = 0.15. This kind of effect is consistent with other studies regarding substituted BiFeO 3 particles prepared by various techniques [24,26,31,41]. Moreover, Dai et al explained this in the case of (Eu, Ti) co-substituted ceramics as a result of suppression of oxygen vacancies by the solutes, which slows oxygen ion motion and, consequently, grain growth rate [42].…”

“…Particle size distributions (Figure 9b,f,j,n,r) are similar to those measured from FE-SEM images, as the small differences are in the limits of the standard deviation. Morphology evolution with increasing Eu 3+ solute degree is similar to that reported by Bahraoui et al who synthetized Bi 1−x Eu x FeO 3 powders by the sol-gel method with calcination treatment at 500 °C for 24 h, but the average particle size is almost four times higher [26]. This shows that although the time of heat treatment at 600 °C was relatively short (30 min), the temperature has a stronger influence on the particle size growth.…”

“…The effect of several rare-earth dopants/solutes, as Ho [13,14], Sm [15,16], La [17,18], Dy [19], Gd [20], or Nd [21] on the properties of bismuth ferrite have been investigated. There are some works which described the effect of Eu 3+ used as A site solute on the characteristics of bismuth ferrite powders prepared by various non-conventional techniques, such as hydrothermal process [22], ball milling [23], or different variants of the sol-gel methods [24,25,26], etc. Even if the magnetic behavior of these powders was extensively analyzed, however no data regarding other properties as photoluminescence were reported.…”

Effect of Eu Doping on Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties of BiFeO3 Materials

“…For example, while BFO presents anti-ferromagnetic behaviour with G-type cycloid spin configuration with a period of 62 nm, BFO doped with rare earth (RE) ion exhibits an enhancement of both ferromagnetic and optical properties which are important requirement for the next generation of multifunctional devices. Some recent reports showed the effect of Eu 3+ doping on the characteristics of BiFeO3 powders produced by conventional techniques such as hydrothermal process and sol-gel method [9][10][11][12][13]. Even if the magnetic behaviours of Eu-doped BFO have been thoroughly analyzed, very few data regarding fluorescence has been reported.…”

Resistive Switching and the Local Electric Field in Bi0.85-xPr0.15RExFe0.97Mn0.03O3/CuFe2O4 (RE = Sr, Dy) Bilayered Thin Films

“…BiFeO 3 (BFO) is a lead-free multiferroic material with a high Curie point ( T C ≈ 1100 K) and a high Néel point ( T N ≈ 630 K), which possesses the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orderings at room temperature simultaneously, and is a potential material for new generation applications, such as sensors, ferroelectric random access memories, and microelectromechanical systems . However, undesired ferroelectric polarization and weak ferromagnetism of the prepared pure BiFeO 3 have been revealed. − Several methods, such as optimizing the preparation techniques, − ion substitutions, ,− and the formation of composite, − have been applied to solve those deficiencies and to promote the practical application. But as the previous reports, , the discouraging ferromagnetism was obtained along with excellent ferroelectricity of the BFO films via ion substitution.…”