Characterization of nano-crystalline Ti–W–N thin films for diffusion barrier application: a structural, microstructural, morphological and mechanical study

Jalali, Reza; Parhizkar, M.; Bidadi, H.; Naghshara, Hamid; Eshraghi, Mohamad Javad

doi:10.1007/s00339-018-2171-7

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As seen in Figure 2a, the thickness of the Ti-W-N coating was 2.81 ± 0.27 μm with a buffer layer of 200 to 240 nm deposited in all coatings; the thickness average was similar to the obtained by the profilometry method, which was 3.29 ± 0.06 μm. The evolution of the microstructure was the typical columnar growth of PVD processes, similar to those reported in [34,35]. In the case of the Ti-W-C coating (Figure 2b), the thickness was 3.54 ± 0.04 μm, however, when measured by the profilometer it was 2.95 ± 0.08 μm.…”

Section: Microstructural Analysissupporting

confidence: 81%

Electrochemical Properties of TiWN/TiWC Multilayer Coatings Deposited by RF-Magnetron Sputtering on AISI 1060

et al. 2021

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Nitride and carbide ternary coatings improve the wear and corrosion resistance of carbon steel substrates. In this work, Ti-W-N and Ti-W-C coatings were deposited on AISI 1060 steel substrates using reactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The coatings were designed as monolayers, bilayers, and multilayers of 40 periods. The coatings were obtained with simultaneous sputtering of Ti and W targets. The microstructure, composition, and electrochemical properties were investigated by techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization. XRD results shower a mix of binary TiN and W2N structures in the Ti-W-N layer, a ternary phase in Ti-W-C layers, in addition of a quaternary phase of Ti-W-CN in the multilayers. The analysis of the XPS demonstrated that the atomic concentration of Ti was more significant than W in the Ti-W-N and Ti-W-C layers. The lowest corrosion rate (0.19 mm/year−1) and highest impedance (~10 kΩ·cm2) out of all coatings were found in n = 40 bilayers. In the simulation of equivalent electrical circuits, it was found that the Ti-W-N coating presented three processes of impedance (Pore resistance + Coating + Inductance). However, the multilayer (n = 40) system presented a major dielectric constant through the electrolyte adsorption; therefore, this caused an increase in the capacitance of the coating.

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Section: Microstructural Analysissupporting

confidence: 81%

Electrochemical Properties of TiWN/TiWC Multilayer Coatings Deposited by RF-Magnetron Sputtering on AISI 1060

et al. 2021

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“…The columnar structure morphology is clearly seen. It is thought that this is related to the addition of tungsten into the Ti-N, characterized by unidentified columnar structure which may be attributed to the increase in the covalent level of the bounding and so the attractive forces of the columns [16]. The obtained columns are 50–400 nm in section.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Top-view SEM micrographs for W-Ti-N film surface are presented in Figure 2(c,d) and show a dense microstructure built up of a mixture of nitride particles with tungsten and a rough surface due to an increase in the grain sizes associated with the high tungsten content in the film [16]. Grooves and pores with average diameter of 1.7 μm can also be observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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W-Ti-N thin film tribological behaviour for piston skirt properties improvement

Chemaa

Hassani

Gaceb

et al. 2020

Surface Engineering

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Tungsten-Titanium-Nitrogen (W-Ti-N) thin film, 1.1 μm in thickness, was deposited on Aluminium-Silicon (Al-Si) and stainless steel substrates using the Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) sputtering system in order to study a new way to improve the tribological properties on engines piston skirts. Tribological test results showed very interesting friction coefficient and wear rates compared to uncoated piston skirt samples. The average value of the friction coefficient was approximately six times lower than that of the uncoated piston skirt samples. Wear rate was considerably lower. In addition W-Ti-N showed interesting corrosion behaviour.

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“…Besides, the mechanical properties of the TiWN film also depend on the N and W concentrations. For instance, the hardness values of TiWN films varied from 23 to 50 GPa in a composition range of 30-57 at% N [15]; while they changed from 13.9 to 26.3 GPa in a composition range of 0-50.6 at% W, following the variations in crystallinity [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature wear mechanisms of TiNbWN films: Role of nanocrystalline oxides formation

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2022

Friction

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Refractory high/medium entropy nitrides (HENs/MENs) exhibit comprehensive application prospects as protective films on mechanical parts, particularly those subjected to sliding contacts at elevated temperatures. In this study, a new MEN system TiNbWN, forming a single fcc solution, is designed and its wear performance at temperatures ranging from 25 to 750 °C is explored. The wear mechanisms can be rationalized by examining the subsurface microstructural evolutions using the transmission electron microscopy as well as calculating the phase diagrams and interfacial adhesion behavior employing calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) and density functional theory (DFT). To be specific, increased wear losses occur in a temperature range of 25–600 °C, being predominantly caused by the thermally-induced hardness degradation; whereas at the ultimate temperature (750 °C), the wear loss is refrained due to the formation of nanocrystalline oxides (WnO3n−2, TiO2, and γTiOx), as synergistically revealed by microscopy and CALPHAD, which not only enhance the mechanical properties of the pristine nitride film, but also act as solid lubricants, reducing the interfacial adhesion. Thus, our work delineates the role of the in situ formed nanocrystalline oxides in the wear mechanism transition of TiNbWN thin films, which could shed light on the high-temperature wear behavior of refractory HEN/MEN films.

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Characterization of nano-crystalline Ti–W–N thin films for diffusion barrier application: a structural, microstructural, morphological and mechanical study

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Electrochemical Properties of TiWN/TiWC Multilayer Coatings Deposited by RF-Magnetron Sputtering on AISI 1060

Electrochemical Properties of TiWN/TiWC Multilayer Coatings Deposited by RF-Magnetron Sputtering on AISI 1060

W-Ti-N thin film tribological behaviour for piston skirt properties improvement

High-temperature wear mechanisms of TiNbWN films: Role of nanocrystalline oxides formation

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