Characterization of Nasco grape pomace-loaded nutriosomes and their neuroprotective effects in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Grape pomaces have recently received great attention for their richness in polyphenols, compounds known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These pomaces, however, have low brain bioavailability when administered orally due to their extensive degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. To overcome this problem, Nasco pomace extract was incorporated into a novel nanovesicle system called nutriosomes, composed of phospholipids (S75) and water-soluble maltodextrin (Nutriose® FM06). Nutriosomes were small, homogeneously dispersed, had negative zeta potential, and were biocompatible with intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Nasco pomace extract resulted rich in antioxidant polyphenols (gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and quercetin). To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Nasco pomace in the subacute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), Nasco nutriosomes or Nasco suspension was administered intragastrically and their neuroprotective effects were evaluated. Degeneration of nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons induced by subacute MPTP treatment, the pathological hallmark of PD, was assessed through immunohistochemical evaluation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the caudate-putamen (CPu) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and the dopamine transporter (DAT) in CPu. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Nasco nutriosomes significantly prevented the reduction in TH- and DAT-positive fibres in CPu, and the number of TH-positive cells in SNc following subacute MPTP treatment, while Nasco suspension counteracted MPTP toxicity exclusively in SNc. Overall, these results highlight the therapeutic effects of Nasco pomace extract when administered in a nutriosome formulation in the subacute MPTP mouse model of PD and validate the effectiveness of the nutriosome preparation over suspension as an innovative nano-drug delivery system for in vivo administration.

From Field to Waste Valorization: A Preliminary Study Exploring the Impact of the Wine Supply Chain on the Phenolic Profile of Three Sardinian Pomace Extracts

“…The qualitative profile was similar to those obtained in this study for white Malvasia, except for anthocyanins, but the quantitative value tended to be lower [32]. In addition, Parekh et al characterized qualitatively and quantitatively by LC-QTOF-MS an extract of pomace from Nasco determining the presence of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and quercetin [33]. However, according to Antonic et al (2020), the polyphenolic profile of grape pomace reported in the literature by different authors revealed a great variability with values ranging from 2800 to 87,000 mg/kg DW [34].…”

Technological Aspects and Potential Cutaneous Application of Wine Industry By-Products

“…Studies indicated their beneficial effects, mainly linked t elimination and transmission of reactive oxygen species through the process autoxidation by donating hydrogen atoms or electrons and the synthesis of antiox molecules involved in the signaling of enzyme-linked receptors [17,36]. An overvi recent trials (Table 2) reports a strong antioxidant effect of white and red wine g pomace extracts mostly performed using in vitro assays [5,11,20,24,25,28,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] bioaccessibility and bioavailability potential of phytochemicals of white wine g pomace (V. vinifera cv. Zalema grapes) depend on the type of by-product, digestion p and recovery of phenolic groups.…”

Exhausted Grape Seed Residues as a Valuable Source of Antioxidant Molecules for the Formulation of Biocompatible Cosmetic Scrubs

“…Among the different bio-residues obtained after wine production, grape seeds are the richest in phytochemicals such as polyphenols, including anthocyanins, flavanols, stilbenes, phenolic acids [ 12 , 13 ], and flavonoids, which possess a wide range of biological and beneficial properties [ 14 , 15 ]. These active molecules have been tested for the treatment of a wide variety of human diseases; they have been demonstrated to be capable of preventing skin disorders [ 16 ], intestinal diseases [ 17 ], and even neurodegenerative diseases, mostly connected with oxidative stress and inflammatory processes [ 18 , 19 ]. Moreover, The CosIng (Cosmetic Ingredients) database lists nine different types of Vitis-Vinifera -derived raw materials that can be used in cosmetic products.…”