Characterization of natural organic colorants in historical and art objects by high‐performance liquid chromatography

Pauk, Volodymyr; Barták, Petr; Lemr, Karel

doi:10.1002/jssc.201400650

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(383 reference statements)

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“…This procedure allows for the efficient isolation of flavonoids and anthraquinone dyestuffs from textile fibres but causes hydrolysis of their glycosidic forms to parent aglycones [ 7 , 8 ]. Moreover, the use of hydrochloric acid is ineffective for the extraction of indigotin and indirubin [ 9 ]. Blue indigoid dyes are better extracted with hot pyridine, pyridine with water [ 10 , 11 ], dimethylformamide, or dimethylsulfoxide [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Identification and Recognition of Natural Dyes, Uncommon Dyestuff Components, and Mordants: Case Study of a 16th Century Carpet with Chintamani Motifs

Otłowska

Ślebioda²,

Kot‐Wasik

et al. 2018

Molecules

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A multi-tool analytical practice was used for the characterisation of a 16th century carpet manufactured in Cairo. A mild extraction method with hydrofluoric acid has been evaluated in order to isolate intact flavonoids and their glycosides, anthraquinones, tannins, and indigoids from fibre samples. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to spectroscopic and mass spectrometric detectors was used for the identification of possible marker compounds with special attention paid to natural dyes present in the historical samples. Weld, young fustic, and soluble redwood dye were identified as the dye sources in yellow thread samples. Based on the developed method, it was possible to establish that red fibres were coloured with lac dye, whereas green fibre shades were obtained with indigo and weld. Tannin-containing plant material in combination with indigo and weld were used to obtain the brown hue of the thread. Hyphenation of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF MS) and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ MS) enabled us to recognise four uncommon and thus-far unknown dye components that were also found in the historical samples. These compounds probably represent a unique fingerprint of dyed threads manufactured in a Turkish workshop. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for the identification and characterisation of substrates and mordants present in the historical carpet. Carbon and oxygen were detected in large quantities as a part of the wool protein. The presence of aluminium, iron, and calcium indicated their usage as mordants. Trace amounts of copper, silica, and magnesium might originate from the contaminants. FT-IR analysis showed bands characteristic for woollen fibres and SEM micrographs defined the structure of the wool.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Identification and Recognition of Natural Dyes, Uncommon Dyestuff Components, and Mordants: Case Study of a 16th Century Carpet with Chintamani Motifs

Otłowska

Ślebioda²,

Kot‐Wasik

et al. 2018

Molecules

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“…In agreement with previous findings 2, 8 mauveines A (C 26 ) and B (C 27 ) have emerged as dominant components, while mauveines C 25 and C 27 B2 isomers were identified as important tracers of the original synthetic procedure. HPLC plays an important role in analysis of historical organic colorants 16 . Therefore, the analysis (and characterization) of the resulting products was made by HPLC-DAD, followed by a multivariate data analysis procedure based on HCA and PCA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the historical synthesis of mauveine from Perkin and Caro: procedure and details

Cova

Pais

Melo

2017

Sci Rep

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Mauveine, an iconic dye, first synthesised in 1856 still has secrets to unveil. If nowadays one wanted to prepare the original Perkin’s mauveine, what would be the procedure? It will be described in this work and lies on the use of a 1:2:1 (mole) ratio of aniline, p-toluidine and o-toluidine. This was found from a comparison of a series of products synthesized from different proportions of these starting materials, with a set of historical samples of mauveine and further analysed with two unsupervised chemometrics methods.

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“…Chemical analysis of dyes of historical interest is an evolving field. The topic of historical dyes and their analysis in textiles, artworks, archaeological objects and cultural heritage materials [1,7,8,14,15,18,[21][22][23] has been reviewed several times in the last fifteen years. This review will focus on the identification of natural anthraquinone dyes in historical and archaeological textiles.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wouters [13] (Table 3). DAD seems to be the most efficient and widely used detector for both quantitation and confirmation of the identity of organic dyes in complex textile matrices by spectral matching with reference materials, while MS detection offers solutions to problems encountered in identification of unknown dye components, especially when reference substances are not available [7,14,15]. Moreover, MS studies can provide useful insights on the nature of degradation products when ageing studies are performed.…”

Section: High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heritage science researchers are now equipped with highly sensitive microanalytical techniques to routinely detect and identify these chromophores and associated degradation products in complex historical specimens at nanogram levels. Currently, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with suitable detectors stands out as the most reliable and versatile technique for organic colorant analysis in historical specimens [14,15]. More recently, developments in direct analysis for real time-mass spectroscopy (DART-MS) [16,17], surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [8,18], fiber-optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) [19] and fluorescence spectroscopy [20] have given heritage scientists access to a range of complementary analytical techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical methods for determination of anthraquinone dyes in historical textiles: A review

Shahid

Wertz

Degano

et al. 2019

Analytica Chimica Acta

100

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Historical and archaeological textiles are among the most crucial and vulnerable records of our social and cultural history. Analysis of organic colorants found in these materials is unquestionably one of the most powerful tools to understand historical developments, cultural exchanges, and progress in science and technology. Natural anthraquinones represent the most commonly used natural colorants for textile dyeing until the late 19 th century. The identification of anthraquinones in cultural heritage objects is a challenging task due to the small size of historical samples, diversity of potential dye sources, variable extraction procedures and dyeing methods, complex chemical constitution, structurally analogous chromophores, and possible presence of degradation products and contaminants. Developments in dye analysis of historical interest have originated and expanded along with the general advances in analytical science. In the last few decades, a close cooperation between science and cultural heritage disciplines contributed enormously to this field. The topic of historical dyes and their analysis in textiles, artworks, archaeological objects and cultural heritage materials has been reviewed several times in the last fifteen years. However, no review has been published to-date exclusively on the analysis of anthraquinone colorants in historical and archaeological textiles. Overall, liquid chromatography (LC)-based techniques have been the most widely used method for anthraquinone dye analysis. Owing to increasing demand of minimally invasive/non-invasive techniques, recent developments of novel techniques have resulted in the availability of many alternative/complementary methods to LC-based analysis. This review begins with a short overview of sources, chemistry and importance of natural anthraquinone dyes found in historical textiles before turning to a detailed discussion on developments involving established and emerging analytical techniques of anthraquinone dye analysis for textile cultural heritage materials. To illustrate the state-of-the-art, representative examples of analytical techniques highlighting their advantages, limitations and applicability are also presented.

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Characterization of natural organic colorants in historical and art objects by high‐performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 45 publications

References 93 publications

Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Identification and Recognition of Natural Dyes, Uncommon Dyestuff Components, and Mordants: Case Study of a 16th Century Carpet with Chintamani Motifs

Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Identification and Recognition of Natural Dyes, Uncommon Dyestuff Components, and Mordants: Case Study of a 16th Century Carpet with Chintamani Motifs

Reconstructing the historical synthesis of mauveine from Perkin and Caro: procedure and details

Analytical methods for determination of anthraquinone dyes in historical textiles: A review

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