Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus and poultry-handling practices in live poultry markets, Ethiopia

Mulisa, Delesa Damena; W/Kiros, Menbere Kidane; Alemu, Redeat Belaineh; Keno, Melaku Sombo; Furaso, Alice; Heidari, Alireza; Rufael, Tesfaye; Chunde, Hassen Chaka

doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-459

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In total, 8.4% of the swab samples were positive for NDV of which 38.5% were virulent strains. The finding is in agreement with earlier studies which revealed the circulation of virulent strains of NDV in village chickens in Ethiopia [18,19]. The first documented evidence of ND in Ethiopia dates back to 1978 when an outbreak occurred in Eritrea, the then, Northern part of the country.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Serological and Molecular Study of Newcastle Disease Virus in Village Chickens in Selected Rift-Valley Areas, Ethiopia

Terefe¹,

Belaineh²,

Chaka³

2015

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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Newcastle Disease (ND) is a serious and commonly fatal viral poultry disease, which is widely distributed throughout the world. In most developing countries including Ethiopia, ND is the most important disease causing huge economic losses. A cross sectional study was conducted in February 2014 in village chickens at three selected districts in and around rift valley lakes of Ethiopia to determine the prevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by serological and molecular methods. A total of 155 sera and 155 swab samples were collected from village chickens in Bishoftu, Tikur wuha and Ziway districts. The sera samples were analyzed by Competitive-ELISA. ND viruses were isolated from the tracheal swab specimens, through inoculation in embryonated chicken eggs and were characterized genetically by using molecular methods. Real-time RT-PCR targeting a conserved region of the M gene was employed to amplify all APMV1. M-gene positive samples were further analyzed by Real-time RT-PCR targeting F-gene to specifically amplify the virulent strains. The overall sero prevalence of ND was 11.6% with no statistically significant differences between the study districts at 95% confidence level. Thirteen isolates were positive for APMV1 out of which 38.4% (5/13) were virulent NDV strains. This study provides important information on serological and virological profile of NDV and highlights the importance of continuous surveillances to better understand the epidemiology of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Serological and Molecular Study of Newcastle Disease Virus in Village Chickens in Selected Rift-Valley Areas, Ethiopia

Terefe¹,

Belaineh²,

Chaka³

2015

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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“…Mortality in wild birds attributed to ND has occurred exclusively among young, hatch-year cormorants (Kuiken 1999). Highly virulent viruses have also been isolated in psittacines in quarantine stations and in a variety of wild bird species in zoos and live bird markets; however, it is not clear if these viruses represent spillover events from poultry or if viruses are maintained in wild and pet birds (Senne et al, 1983;Panigrahy et al, 1993;Alexander et al, 2011;Vidanovic et al, 2011;Snoeck et al, 2013b;Byarugaba et al, 2014;Mulisa et al, 2014).…”

Section: Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viruses from sub-genotype VIg have been isolated from pigeons and a dove in Nigeria, Russia, and Ukraine during -2011(Van Borm et al, 2012Pchelkina et al, 2013;Yurchenko et al, 2015;Benson et al, 2015). The earliest confirmed subtype VIh isolate was recovered from a pigeon in Argentina in 1997 (Benson et al, 2015) There is a group of viruses that has only been found in chickens in Ethiopia (during 2011-2012) (de Almeida et al, 2013;Mulisa et al, 2014) and is highly related to viruses of genotype VI. It is possible that viruses of this group emerged in Africa after the introduction of ancestral class II genotype VI viruses from Columbidae birds into poultry (Mulisa et al, 2014) and that low biosecurity and trade practices in Ethiopia may have facilitated the establishment and spread of these viruses in poultry in this region (Mulisa et al, 2014).…”

Section: Class II Genotype Vimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest confirmed subtype VIh isolate was recovered from a pigeon in Argentina in 1997 (Benson et al, 2015) There is a group of viruses that has only been found in chickens in Ethiopia (during 2011-2012) (de Almeida et al, 2013;Mulisa et al, 2014) and is highly related to viruses of genotype VI. It is possible that viruses of this group emerged in Africa after the introduction of ancestral class II genotype VI viruses from Columbidae birds into poultry (Mulisa et al, 2014) and that low biosecurity and trade practices in Ethiopia may have facilitated the establishment and spread of these viruses in poultry in this region (Mulisa et al, 2014). This group of viruses fulfils the criteria set by Diel et al (2012a) and may represent a new sub-genotype within genotype VI that is yet to be designated.…”

Section: Class II Genotype Vimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Temporal, geographic, and host distribution of avian paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus)

Dimitrov

Ramey

Qiu

et al. 2016

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

246

227

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Newcastle disease is caused by virulent forms of avian paramyxovirus of serotype 1 (APMV-1) and has global economic importance. The disease reached panzootic proportions within two decades after first being identified in 1926 in the United Kingdom and Indonesia and still remains endemic in many countries across the world. Here we review information on the host, temporal, and geographic distribution of APMV-1 genetic diversity based on the evolutionary systematics of the complete coding region of the fusion gene. Strains of APMV-1 are phylogenetically separated into two classes (class I and class II) and further classified into genotypes based on genetic differences. Class I viruses are genetically less diverse, generally present in wild waterfowl, and are of low virulence. Class II viruses are genetically and phenotypically more diverse, frequently isolated from poultry with occasional spillovers into wild birds, and exhibit a wider range of virulence. Waterfowl, cormorants, and pigeons are natural reservoirs of all APMV-1 pathotypes, except viscerotropic velogenic viruses for which natural reservoirs have not been identified. Genotypes I and II within class II include isolates of high and low virulence, the latter often being used as vaccines. Viruses of genotypes III and IX that emerged decades ago are now isolated rarely, but may be found in domestic and wild birds in China. Containing only virulent viruses and responsible for the majority of recent outbreaks in poultry and wild birds, viruses from genotypes V, VI, and VII, are highly mobile and have been isolated on different continents. Conversely, virulent viruses of genotypes XI (Madagascar), XIII (mainly Southwest Asia), XVI (North America) and XIV, XVII and XVIII (Africa) appear to have a more limited geographic distribution and have been isolated predominantly from poultry.

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“…Interspecies transmission of NDV can change the virulence of a low virulent strain in the LBM environment (Kim et al, 2012). In the study of poultry handling practices in LBMs conducted by Mulisa et al (2014), they observed several practices that could promote ND transmission on the live birds. These include limited cleaning and disinfection of the area and holding cages, mixing of birds of different origin, disposable of sick and dead birds and poor proper waste disposable.…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Serological Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus in Native Chickens from Selected Live Bird Markets in Batangas, Philippines

Resplandor¹,

Umali²

2017

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| At present, little information is known about the distribution of Newcastle disease virus(NDV) in live bird markets (LBMs) in the Philippines. Serological and molecular detection of NDVs in native chickens from different LBM in the Philippines were performed. Results showed that out of 49 sera tested, 48 (97.96%) were positive for NDV with hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers ranging from 2 2 to 2 9 and geometric mean titer of 2 6.62 .Except for respiratory signs, minor physical injuries and non-specific lesions, all native chickens did not show clinical signs of ND at the time of examination. Nested RT-PCR was performed on 76 oropharyngeal and cloacal swab samples and 49 pooled tissue samples. All results were negative for NDV. The unusually high HI antibody titers against NDV and the negative nested RT-PCR results may suggests that the examined birds may have been previously exposed to virulent NDVs but may have already recovered from clinical disease. Regular monitoring through disease surveillance and physical inspection of LBMs in the country should be regularly implemented to decrease the risk of transmitting NDV to the commercial poultry industry and prevent any future ND outbreak in the Philippines.

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Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus and poultry-handling practices in live poultry markets, Ethiopia

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Serological and Molecular Study of Newcastle Disease Virus in Village Chickens in Selected Rift-Valley Areas, Ethiopia

Serological and Molecular Study of Newcastle Disease Virus in Village Chickens in Selected Rift-Valley Areas, Ethiopia

Temporal, geographic, and host distribution of avian paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus)

Molecular and Serological Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus in Native Chickens from Selected Live Bird Markets in Batangas, Philippines

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