Characterization of Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from Two Diesel Automobiles as Functions of Fuel and Driving Cycle

Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on the Road. II

“…The average literature value (Braddock and Bradow, 1975;Hare et al, 1976;Braddock and Gabele, 1977;Springer and Banes, 1977;Hare and Baines, 1979;Hare and Bradow, 1979;Kiyoura, 1980;Gabele et al, 1981;Ullman and Hare, 1981)for S o h p 2 content (or S context X 3) in diesel exhaust particulate matter is (4.6 f 2.0)%, comparable to the value in Table 2.…”

“…The size distribution of the vehicle-particulate mass (Table 5, Figure 6) is the same as is reported for diesels in dynamometer experiments (Frey and Corn, 1967;Turley et al, 1973;Dolan et al, 1975Dolan et al, , 1980Vuk et al, 1976;Faxvog, 1977;Verrant and Kittelson, 1977;Dolan and Kittelson, 1978;Kittelson et al, 1978a, b;Lipkea et al, 1978;Groblicki and Begeman, 1979;Hare and Baines, 1979;Kittelson and Dolan, 1979;Whitby, 1979) and on-road chase-vehicle experiments . The content of material extractable into organic solvents (Table 6) is in the range that is reported (Black and High, 1979;Huisingh et al, 1979;Dietzmann et al, 1980;Gibbs et al, 1980;Gabele et al, 1981) for diesels, as are also optical properties (Pierson and McKee, 1978;, cf.…”

“…The average literature value (Braddock and Bradow, 1975;Hare et al, 1976;Springer and Baines, 1977;Springer and Stahman 1977;Hare and Baines, 1979;Hare and Bradow, 1979) for C in diesel exhaust particulate matter is (74.5 f 5.4)%.…”

Measurement and Three-Dimensional Modeling of Airflow and Pollutant Dispersion in an Undersea Traffic Tunnel

“…[1][2][3][4][5] The air quality in a tunnel environment easily deteriorates if the air pollutants emitted from the vehicles are not promptly diluted because a traffic tunnel is an enclosed or a partially enclosed space. The situation becomes worse during traffic jams when more pollutants are emitted at low vehicle speeds and pollutants accumulate in the tunnel.…”

“…The primary air pollutants in traffic exhausts are CO, NO x , hydrocarbons (HC), SO 2 , and smog, although their concentrations vary depending on the fuel or engine type. [1][2][3][4][5] The air quality in a tunnel environment easily deteriorates if the air pollutants emitted from the vehicles are not promptly diluted because a traffic tunnel is an enclosed or a partially enclosed space.…”