Characterization of particulate matter formed during wood pellet gasification in an indirect bubbling fluidized bed gasifier using aerosol measurement techniques

Morgalla, Mario; Lin, Leteng; Seemann, Martin; Strand, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.06.041

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Primary and secondary tars released during pyrolysis of the fuel can undergo further reaction in high-temperature zones to form PAHs, 54 which are precursors to soot, and condensable organics in the exhaust can condense onto existing particles or nucleate to form new particles. 55,56 Tar yields were not quantified in these experiments. The manner in which fuel properties affect tar yields, producer gas composition, and overall emissions from the stove are worthy of further investigation.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Air Flow Rates, Secondary Air Inlet Geometry, Fuel Type, and Operating Mode on the Performance of Gasifier Cookstoves

Tryner

Tillotson

Baumgardner

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Development of biomass cookstoves that reduce emissions of CO and PM2.5 by more than 50% and 95%, respectively, compared to a three-stone fire has been promoted as part of efforts to reduce exposure to household air pollution (HAP) among people that cook with solid fuels. Gasifier cookstoves have attracted interest because some have been shown to emit less CO and PM2.5 than other designs. A laboratory test bed and new test procedure were used to investigate the influence of air flow rates, stove geometry, fuel type, and operating mode on gasifier cookstove performance. Power output, CO emissions, PM2.5 emissions, fuel consumption rates, producer gas composition, and fuel bed temperatures were measured. The test bed emitted <41 mg·MJd–1 PM2.5 and <8 g·MJd–1 CO when operating normally with certain prepared fuels, but order of magnitude increases in emission factors were observed for other fuels and during refueling. Changes in operating mode and fuel type also affected the composition of the producer gas entering the secondary combustion zone. Overall, the results suggest that the effects of fuel type and operator behavior on emissions need to be considered, in addition to cookstove design, as part of efforts to reduce exposure to HAP.

show abstract

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Air Flow Rates, Secondary Air Inlet Geometry, Fuel Type, and Operating Mode on the Performance of Gasifier Cookstoves

Tryner

Tillotson

Baumgardner

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If miscanthus was gasified, the fine PMs contained mainly potassium and chlorine, whereas if wood was gasified, magnesium and calcium were the dominant elements. 30 The coarse mineral PMs in the producer gas of a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) gasifier (20 kW th ) mainly comprised chars abraded from the pyrolyzed wood pellets, whereas the fine PMs were dominated by calcium. 27 In contrast, for a steam-blown indirect BFB gasifier (2−4 MW th ) using wood pellets, the coarse mineral PMs were found mainly to comprise calcium and silicon, while the fine PMs were dominated by potassium and chlorine.…”

Section: Particulate Matters From Biomass Gasifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 The fine mode (15−140 nm, 640 mg/m 3 , 2 × 10 10 PMs/cm 3 ) was supposed to contain mainly heavy tars formed through a homogeneous nucleation and condensation on alkali nuclei; another intermediate mode (140−670 nm, 38 mg/m 3 , 4.3 × 10 6 PMs/cm 3 ) was assumed to be a mixture consisting of original PMs formed by condensed alkali vapors and tars from the gasifier. 30 The fine-mode aerosol PMs, also known as soot, are an absolute majority in the nanosized PMs from biomass gasification. 42 For industrial biomass gasifiers, reactions such as pyrolysis and combustion are considered to occur simultaneously with the gasification.…”

Section: Particulate Matters From Biomass Gasifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But it was also mentioned that the mass concentration of mineral PMs could be changed with the feedstocks, bed materials, and gasifiers. If miscanthus was gasified, the fine PMs contained mainly potassium and chlorine, whereas if wood was gasified, magnesium and calcium were the dominant elements . The coarse mineral PMs in the producer gas of a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) gasifier (20 kW th ) mainly comprised chars abraded from the pyrolyzed wood pellets, whereas the fine PMs were dominated by calcium .…”

Section: Particulate Matters From Biomass Gasifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mini-Review on Hot Gas Filtration in Biomass Gasification: Focusing on Ceramic Filter Candles

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biomass gasification is increasingly attracting interest in the research of biorenewable energy all over the world, as a carbon-neutral supplement to the conventional fossil energy. It can convert biomass to the burnable producer gas for heat and power production or synthesis of fuels and chemicals. However, its commercial applications are seriously interfered by the minor but unavoidable contaminants or impurities in the raw product gas, which cause severe problems in the downstream equipment. This paper reviews the recent progress on the hot gas filtration technologies for removing particulate matters (PMs) and tars from the biomass-derived product gas, focusing on ceramic filter candles, which are widely applied in the biomass gasification systems. Developments of PM characterization, hot gas catalytic filtration, and oxidative filtration as well as the numerical simulation of computational fluid dynamics in hot gas filtration are summarized in detail. It also critically discusses the major challenges and future opportunities in hot gas filtration and concludes that the combined oxidative filtration and catalytic filtration with highly efficient catalyst at moderate temperatures (<600 °C) should be the most economical option for the widespread commercial small-scale biomass gasification systems.

show abstract

“…where d ae is aerodynamic diameter, d s is Stokes diameter, ρ p is particle density, ρ 0 is standard density with a given value of 1 g/cm 3 , and Cc is Cunningham slip correction factor [17]. The formation of particles during biomass gasification differ from that of combustion, and the mechanism of the formation for combustion is well-known and studied compared to that of gasification.…”

Section: Carbon Particle Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical and Thermal Evaluation of Carbon Particles Recovered at the Cyclone of a Downdraft Biomass Gasification System

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gasification of biomass gives off syngas that is contaminated mostly by carbon particulates and tars. The degree of contamination is attributed to factors such as gasification process, type of gasifier and type of biomass material. Downdraft gasifier minimizes the production of tar to a tolerable limit for engine applications; however, carbon particles still pose a challenge particularly with the integration of a heat exchanger for the purpose of heat recovery from the product gas. The presence of carbon particles in the syngas does influence the heat recovery process and materials used in the recovery. Hence, there is need for the characterization of these carbon particles to ascertain their chemical compositions, thermal properties and morphological features. This study was aimed at evaluating the characteristic features of carbon particles recovered from the syngas stream during gas cleaning at the cyclone. The elemental analysis of the carbon particle samples was performed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. An electron beam from scanning electron microscopy was passed through the sample surface at a magnification of 1000x and an accelerating voltage of 15 kV to determine the morphological features of the carbon particles. Their thermal properties were investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer at a heating rate of 10 • C/min. A weight loss of approximately 5.4 wt % was recorded at the maximum temperature of 900 • C. Silicon, oxygen and carbon were found to be the dominating elements in the carbon particulate.

show abstract

Characterization of particulate matter formed during wood pellet gasification in an indirect bubbling fluidized bed gasifier using aerosol measurement techniques

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

The Effects of Air Flow Rates, Secondary Air Inlet Geometry, Fuel Type, and Operating Mode on the Performance of Gasifier Cookstoves

The Effects of Air Flow Rates, Secondary Air Inlet Geometry, Fuel Type, and Operating Mode on the Performance of Gasifier Cookstoves

Mini-Review on Hot Gas Filtration in Biomass Gasification: Focusing on Ceramic Filter Candles

Analytical and Thermal Evaluation of Carbon Particles Recovered at the Cyclone of a Downdraft Biomass Gasification System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About