Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antiproliferative Effects of Salvia pomifera and Salvia fruticosa Extracts

Abstract

The phenolic compounds of methanolic extracts of Salvia pomifera and Salvia fruticosa were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Carnosic acid and its metabolite carnosol were the most abundant terpene phenolic compounds of S. fruticosa, while they were completely absent in S. pomifera. The main terpene phenolic constituent of S. pomifera was 12-O-methylcarnosic acid and its mass/mass fragmentation pathway was explained. The detailed mechanism of carnosic acid oxidation to carnosol was suggested. The effects of Salvia extracts and/or carnosic acid, the main diterpene phenolic component of S. fruticosa, on the proliferation and cell cycle of two melanoma cell lines (A375, Mel JuSo) and human fibroblast cell line (HFF) were investigated by MTT assay, PI-exclusion assay and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis. Extract of S. fruticosa more efficiently than S. pomifera extract reduced the proliferation of the human melanoma cells. Carnosic acid showed the most significant effect. The first evidence that carnosic acid affects microtubule dynamics and arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phase was provided. Collectively, our results demonstrate that these two Salvia species are plants of medicinal interest with perspective for further investigation. Carnosic acid could be the compound responsible for the biological activities of S. fruticosa extracts.

Anticancer Activity of Micromeria fruticosa and Teucrium polium Growing in Lebanon

“…Screening of medicinal plants have been a promising approach to complement or possibly reduce the adverse side effects of chemotherapy 22 . This study showed that both Micromeria Fruticosa and Accordingly, the inhibition effect of Lebanese plant species (Micormeria &Tocorium) were much potent than other plants like Salvia (IC50=57-76 μg/ml) against human melanoma cell lines (A375) and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cell lines 30 . The differences in IC50 between current results and previously reported studies may be attributed to the methods of extraction, different ecological factors, and cell type specificity.…”

“…Cells were plated in 96-well micro titer plates, at a concentration of 105 cells/well, and incubated in a humidified environment of 37°C with a 5% CO2 incubator for cell adhesion. The anti proliferative activity was carried out by measuring the cell viability of the MCF7 and A549 cell lines 72 hours after the treatment with increasing concentrations of total extracts A and B (10,20,30,40,50, and 100 μg/ml), their separated fractions (100, 150, 200, and 250 μg/ ml), and cisplatin (2, 4, 8, 10, 20, and 40 μg/ml). Similarly, MCF-7 and A549 cells were treated with combinations of total extracts A and B (20 μg/ml) and cisplatin (2 μg/ ml).…”

Greek Sage Exhibits Neuroprotective Activity against Amyloid Beta‐Induced Toxicity

“…As documented here, the SF extracts exhibit a cytotoxic effect at relatively high concentrations. This effect of SF was previously described to be more intense in various human cancer cell lines than noncancer cells; thus, SF extracts hold promise for cancer treatment [ 24 , 31 , 62 ]. At lower SF extracts concentrations, we observed neuroprotective potential, a pro-proliferative effect, and antioxidant activity.…”

“…S. fruticosa is the fourth Salvia species found to have protective properties against A β neurotoxicity [ 9 , 11 , 15 , 16 ], and this potential has been attributed to Salvia adequacy in active constituents such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids [ 63 ]. In essential oils and extracts obtained from SF grown in various areas of Greece, Italy, Jordan, and Lebanon, many substances of these categories were identified [ 20 – 22 , 62 – 66 ]. Methanolic extracts obtained from SF grown at the experimental field of IPB&GR, from which our study material was collected, were rich in phenolic acids such as rosmarinic acid and benzoic acid derivatives, in the terpenoids 1,8-cineole, carnosic acid, and carnosol, and in the flavonoids apigenin and luteolin, all of which are known neuroprotective substances [ 9 , 23 , 67 – 71 ].…”

Polyphenols Extracted from Chinese Hickory (Carya cathayensis) Promote Apoptosis and Inhibit Proliferation through the p53-Dependent Intrinsic and HIF-1α-VEGF Pathways in Ovarian Cancer Cells

“…Recent reports show that phenols have the ability to inhibit tumors [ 9 ]. It has been reported that polyphenolic compounds, a large family of natural compounds abundant in nuts, have been associated with a possible reduced risk of colon cancer [ 10 ], breast cancer [ 11 ] and melanoma [ 12 ].…”