Characterization of Phenotypic and Genotypic inducible Macrolide Resistance in Staphylococciin Tehran, Iran

Emergence of SCCmec type III with variable antimicrobial resistance profiles and spa types among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from healthcare- and community-acquired infections in the west of Iran

“…Another resistance mechanism that was evaluated in this study was macrolide-lincosamide resistance among MRSA isolates. In accordance with a previous report from Iran, 14 resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 50% and 27%, respectively. The rates of constitutive and inducible resistance against macrolides were 26% and 2%, respectively, which are lower than those reported in other studies.…”

“…29 To date, different studies have been focused on the distribution and phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of antimicrobial resistance among MRSA isolates in Iran. 11,14,20,[30][31][32][33] However, this is the first large-scale study of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, different encoding resistance genes, and SCCmec and spa types in MRSA isolates in the west of Iran.…”

“…All methicillin-resistant isolates were then examined for the existence of mecA, femA, ermA, B, and C, blaZ, mupA, linA, msrA, and AME, including aac(6 0 )-aph(2 00 ), aph(3 0 ), ant(4 0 ), aph(2 00 )-Ib, aph(2 00 )-Ic, and aph(2 00 )-Id, by PCR with specific primers, as described previously. 10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] PCR was performed in a final volume of 25 ml containing 1Â PCR buffer, 2.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2 mM dNTPs, 15 mg/ml template DNA, and 1.5 U Taq polymerase (Fermentas, Lithuania) and the primer concentration as per a previous report. 10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The PCR protocol was carried out in accordance with previous reports.…”

“…10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] PCR was performed in a final volume of 25 ml containing 1Â PCR buffer, 2.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2 mM dNTPs, 15 mg/ml template DNA, and 1.5 U Taq polymerase (Fermentas, Lithuania) and the primer concentration as per a previous report. 10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The PCR protocol was carried out in accordance with previous reports. 10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Amplified products were analyzed by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel.…”

“…10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The PCR protocol was carried out in accordance with previous reports. 10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Amplified products were analyzed by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel. DNA bands were observed by staining with ethidium bromide and photographed under UV illumination.…”