Characterization of Resistance Patterns and Detection of Apramycin Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken Feces and Houseflies after Apramycin Administration

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of apramycin administration on the development of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from chicken feces and houseflies under field conditions. Chickens in the medicated group (n = 25,000) were given successive prophylactic doses (0.5 mg/l) of apramycin in their drinking water from Days 1 to 5, while no antibiotics were added to the un-medicated groups drinking water (n = 25,000). Over 40 days, a total of 1170 E. coli strains were isolated from fecal samples obtained from medicated and un-medicated chickens and houseflies from the same chicken farm. Apramycin MIC90 values for E. coli strains obtained from the medicated group increased 32–128 times from Days 2 to 6 (256–1024 μg/ml) when compared to those on Day 0 (8 μg/ml). Strains isolated from un-medicated chickens and houseflies had consistently low MIC90 values (8–16 μg/ml) during the first week, but showed a dramatic increase from Days 8 to 10 (128–1024 μg/ml). The apramycin resistance gene aac(3)-IV was detected in E. coli strains from medicated (n = 71), un-medicated (n = 32), and housefly groups (n = 42). All strains positive for aac(3)-IV were classified into 12 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types. PFGE types A, E, and G were the predominant types in both the medicated and housefly groups, suggesting houseflies play an important role in spreading E. coli-resistant strains. Taken together, our study revealed that apramycin administration could facilitate the occurrence of apramycin-resistant E. coli and the apramycin resistance gene acc(3)-IV. In turn, these strains could be transmitted by houseflies, thus increasing the potential risk of spreading multi-drug-resistant E. coli to the public.

Wild-type cutoff for Apramycin against Escherichia coli

“…The npmA gene, confers high resistance to many aminoglycoside types upon the host E. coli , was originally found in an E.coli strain isolated in 2003 from the urine of an inpatient in a general hospital in Japan [ 14 ] and did not appear in the scientific literature until August 2017 from China [ 33 ]. The npmA gene was not detected in any samples in this study, which consistant with other previous study [ 34 ]. The apmA gene was at first detected in bovine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of sequence type 398 in 2011 [ 15 ] and was not found in any isolates in our study.…”

Wild-type cutoff for Apramycin against Escherichia coli

“…The npmA gene, confers high resistance to many aminoglycoside types upon the host E. coli, was originally found in an E.coli strain isolated in 2003 from the urine of an inpatient in a general hospital in Japan [14] and did not appear in the scienti c literature until August 2017 from China [34]. The npmA gene was not detected in any samples in this study, which consistant with other previous study [35]. The apmA gene was at rst detected in bovine methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of sequence type 398 in 2011 [15] and was not found in any isolates in our study.…”

Can Drug Repurposing be Effective Against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii?

“…However, to the best of our knowledge, AAC (3)-IV has not been reported in A. baumannii . Moreover, the presence of the gene npmA , responsible for encoding 16S rRNA m 1 A1408 methyltransferase, can also confer resistance to apramycin [ 34 ]; to the best of our knowledge, npmA has not been reported in A. baumannii [ 35 ].…”