Characterization of rotavirus and norovirus strains: a 6-year study (2004-2009)

Abstract

Objective: To monitor rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NoV) infections in hospitalized children ≤ 5 years with acute gastroenteritis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during a 6-year period (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009).Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with 61 medical centers with convenient surveillance fecal specimens, investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, reverse polymerase chain reaction and sequencing to genotype characterization.Results: RV and NoV infections were detected in 29.6% (144∕487) and 29.2% (26/89) of the samples, respectively. The most frequent RV genotypes detected were G9P [8] Métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo foi realizado em 61 centros médicos, utilizando amostras fecais coletadas por conveniência, analisadas por ensaio imunoenzimático, eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida, transcrição reversa seguida de reação em cadeia pela polimerase e sequenciamento para caracterização dos genótipos. Conclusões:A distribuição dos genótipos de RV variou com os anos, acompanhada pela redução no número de casos detectados. Ė necessário intensificar a vigilância pós-implantação da vacina contra RV, visando monitorar as cepas circulantes e sua eficácia contra possíveis genótipos emergentes. Os NoVs têm sido cada vez mais identificados como agentes etiológicos relevantes entre crianças hospitalizadas e exercem um papel importante na etiologia viral da gastroenterite pediátrica aguda no estado de São Paulo. Artigo submetido em 07.04.11, aceito em 15.06.11. J Pediatr (Rio J)

Rotavirus immune responses and correlates of protection

“…The importance of this finding needs to be confirmed, because opposite findings have been suggested by another study from Brazil [38]. Finally, studies in Brazil [39–41] and developed countries [42–44] suggest that vaccine introduction may result in the selection of serotypically distinct new strains. To date, however, the two vaccines have remained highly effective in preventing severe RV disease in developed countries and large numbers of vaccine selected “drifted” strains have not emerged.…”

Norovirus and Rotavirus infection in children aged less than five years in a paediatric hospital, Havana, Cuba

“…Clear seasonality in RoV infection in the country has not been demonstrated, although a high frequency has been found during winter months. 1,3 In the study, RoV and NoV clinical characteristics were mostly indistinguishable, although some authors consider vomiting associated to NoV infection more frequently. 1,5 Mixed infection among RoV and NoV was observed in children aged less than one year.…”

“…1,3 In the study, RoV and NoV clinical characteristics were mostly indistinguishable, although some authors consider vomiting associated to NoV infection more frequently. 1,5 Mixed infection among RoV and NoV was observed in children aged less than one year. Different factors can cause infection in these children, as early breastfeed replacement and the hygienic measures taken by adults who work with children.…”

Detecção de rotavírus e norovírus na população idosa na cidade de Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 2010 a 2012

“…Multiple cases of infection are also frequently associated with nosocomial infections [2]. Besides the diversity of viruses circulating in the community, higher levels of mixed infections should be expected; however, these levels seem to be lower in the Brazilian population [31].…”