Characterization of sewage plant hydrocolloids using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and ICP-mass spectrometry

Antimicrobial activities of commercial nanoparticles against an environmental soil microbe, Pseudomonas putida KT2440

“…Suspensions of "as manufactured" nano-CuO and ZnO were fractionated according to size using asymmetric FlFFF (AF4) (Postnova Analytics, Landsberg, Germany). The operational procedure for FlFFF followed published procedures [ 38 - 40 ]. In FlFFF, carrier fluid (and introduced sample) flowed down the length of a channel bounded along its length by a membrane.…”

“…Three detectors (UV absorbance, fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [ICP-MS]) were used in series downstream of the FlFFF to analyze the fractionated sample. FlFFF coupled with ICP-MS allowed online simultaneous determination of particle size distribution and elemental distribution of the nanomaterials [ 40 ]. The ICP-MS Agilent 7500 ce (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Claram, CA, USA) was used in continuous mode.…”

Dissolution and nanoparticle generation behavior of Be-associated materials in synthetic lung fluid using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and flow field-flow fractionation

“…This method has been greatly improved to yield lesser dilution by use of a trapezoid-shaped channel [21][22][23] in so-called asymmetric FlFFF, or AF4.…”

Nanoparticles in the Water Cycle

“…A detailed theoretical background of flow field-flow fractionation is given by Schimpf et al (2000). Due to the pre-concentration of the analyte in the channel during the injection and focusing step and the separation of (dissolved) sample matrix (filtration through a membrane), coupling of AF 4 and highly sensitive detectors such as ICP-MS and MALLS has been shown to be a powerful tool for the sensitive detection of nanoparticles and nanomolecules (e.g., humic substances) (Baalousha et al, 2005(Baalousha et al, , 2006aBeckett et al, 1987;Hassellöv et al, 2006;Magnuson et al, 2001;Prestel et al, 2005;von der Kammer et al, 2005). In particular, the stability of ENP and their interactions with heavy metals (for example Cu, Pb, and Zn) can be investigated by means of coupling AF 4 /MALLS/ICP-MS.…”

“…There are promising approaches for the characterization of natural colloids and ENP by analytical coupling techniques such as the coupling of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF 4 ) (separation unit) or transport columns with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or multi-angle laser light scattering (detection unit) (Metreveli et al, 2005;Prestel et al, 2005;von der Kammer et al, 2005;Wilkinson and Lead, 2006). It is known that natural aquatic colloids and some nanoparticles can adsorb or bind organic or inorganic contaminants, that they can be transported in aqueous systems over large distances due to their high mobility, and that they can reach the drinking water supply systems (Kretzschmar et al, 1999;Lecoanet and Wiesner, 2004;Lecoanet et al, 2004;Metreveli et al, 2005;Zhou et al, 2007).…”